Establishment of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical neurosphere model to study pathomechanisms and chemical toxicity in Kleefstra syndrome.

In the present study, we aimed to establish and characterize a mature cortical spheroid model system for Kleefstra syndrome (KS) using patient-derived iPSC. We identified key differences in the growth behavior of KS spheroids determined by reduced proliferation marked by low Ki67 and high E-cadherin expression. Conversely, in the spheroid-based neurite outgrowth assay KS outperformed the control neurite outgrowth due to higher BDNF expression.

Riluzole treatment modulates KCC2 and EAAT-2 receptor expression and Ca accumulation following ventral root avulsion injury.

Avulsion injury results in motoneuron death due to the increased excitotoxicity developing in the affected spinal segments. This study focused on possible short and long term molecular and receptor expression alterations which are thought to be linked to the excitotoxic events in the ventral horn with or without the anti-excitotoxic riluzole treatment. In our experimental model the left lumbar 4 and 5 (L4, 5) ventral roots of the spinal cord were avulsed.

Restoration of Motor Function through Delayed Intraspinal Delivery of Human IL-10-Encoding Nucleoside-Modified mRNA after Spinal Cord Injury.

Efficient in vivo delivery of anti-inflammatory proteins to modulate the microenvironment of an injured spinal cord and promote neuroprotection and functional recovery is a great challenge. Nucleoside-modified messenger RNA (mRNA) has become a promising new modality that can be utilized for the safe and efficient delivery of therapeutic proteins. Here, we used lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated human interleukin-10 (hIL-10)-encoding nucleoside-modified mRNA to induce neuroprotection and functional recovery following rat spinal cord contusion injury.

Establishment and characterization of a novel human induced pluripotent stem cell line stably expressing the iRFP720 reporter.

Stem cell therapy has great potential for replacing beta-cell loss in diabetic patients. However, a key obstacle to cell therapy's success is to preserve viability and function of the engrafted cells. While several strategies have been developed to improve engrafted beta-cell survival, tools to evaluate the efficacy within the body by imaging are limited.

Stem Cell Secretome for Spinal Cord Repair: Is It More than Just a Random Baseline Set of Factors?

Hundreds of thousands of people suffer spinal cord injuries each year. The experimental application of stem cells following spinal cord injury has opened a new era to promote neuroprotection and neuroregeneration of damaged tissue. Currently, there is great interest in the intravenous administration of the secretome produced by mesenchymal stem cells in acute or subacute spinal cord injuries.

Mouse organoid culture is a suitable model to study esophageal ion transport mechanisms.

Altered esophageal ion transport mechanisms play a key role in inflammatory and cancerous diseases of the esophagus, but epithelial ion processes have been less studied in the esophagus because of the lack of a suitable experimental model. In this study, we generated three-dimensional (3D) esophageal organoids (EOs) from two different mouse strains and characterized the ion transport processes of the EOs. EOs form a cell-filled structure with a diameter of 250-300 µm and were generated from epithelial stem cells as shown by FACS analysis.

Presence of Titanium and Toxic Effects Observed in Rat Lungs, Kidneys, and Central Nervous System in vivo and in Cultured Astrocytes in vitro on Exposure by Titanium Dioxide Nanorods.

Background: Non-spherical titanium dioxide (TiO) nanoparticles have been increasingly applied in various biomedical and technological fields. Their toxicological characterization is, however, less complete than that of roundish nanoparticles.

Materials And Methods: Anatase form TiO nanorods, ca.

Grafted human induced pluripotent stem cells improve the outcome of spinal cord injury: modulation of the lesion microenvironment.

Spinal cord injury results in irreversible tissue damage followed by a very limited recovery of function. In this study we investigated whether transplantation of undifferentiated human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into the injured rat spinal cord is able to induce morphological and functional improvement. hiPSCs were grafted intraspinally or intravenously one week after a thoracic (T11) spinal cord contusion injury performed in Fischer 344 rats.

Neuroectodermal Stem Cells Grafted into the Injured Spinal Cord Induce Both Axonal Regeneration and Morphological Restoration via Multiple Mechanisms.

Spinal cord contusion injury leads to severe loss of gray and white matter and subsequent deficit of motor and sensory functions below the lesion. In this study, we investigated whether application of murine clonal embryonic neuroectodermal stem cells can prevent the spinal cord secondary damage and induce functional recovery. Stem cells (NE-GFP-4C cell line) were grafted intraspinally or intravenously immediately or one week after thoracic spinal cord contusion injury.

Comparison of 2D and 3D neural induction methods for the generation of neural progenitor cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells.

Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are frequently induced using 3D culture methodologies however, it is unknown whether spheroid-based (3D) neural induction is actually superior to monolayer (2D) neural induction. Our aim was to compare the efficiency of 2D induction with 3D induction method in their ability to generate NPCs, and subsequently neurons and astrocytes. Neural differentiation was analysed at the protein level qualitatively by immunocytochemistry and quantitatively by flow cytometry for NPC (SOX1, PAX6, NESTIN), neuronal (MAP2, TUBB3), cortical layer (TBR1, CUX1) and glial markers (SOX9, GFAP, AQP4).