Effect of alternative intravenous lipid emulsion in clinical outcome in non-critically ill patients.

Introduction: Most studies on alternative intravenous lipid emulsion (IVLE) versus conventional IVLE have been conducted in the critically ill patients. The benefits of alternative IVLE in non-critically ill patients is uncertain. We aim to determine clinical outcome difference between alternative IVLE versus conventional IVLE in non-critically ill patients.

Age-related levels of fecal M2-pyruvate kinase in children with cystic fibrosis and healthy children 0 to 10years old.

Background: The pathogenesis of gut inflammation, bacterial dysbiosis and increased rates of malignancy in CF is unclear. Fecal M2-pyruvate kinase (M2-PK) is a biomarker indicative of cellular proliferation that may be raised in intestinal malignancy and inflammation. Biomarkers, including M2-PK, may be useful in assessing effects of novel therapies on the gastrointestinal tract.

Age-dependent variation of fecal calprotectin in cystic fibrosis and healthy children.

Background: Fecal calprotectin may be used as a non-invasive method to assess the effect of novel therapies on the gut in cystic fibrosis (CF).

Method: Stools from CF patients and healthy controls (HC) (0-10years old) were prospectively collected for evaluation of temporal trends.

Results: 130 CF samples (64 subjects) and 114 HC samples (101 subjects) were collected.

Fecal Human β-Defensin 2 in Children with Cystic Fibrosis: Is There a Diminished Intestinal Innate Immune Response?

Background: Defects in bacterial host defenses in the cystic fibrosis (CF) airways have been extensively investigated, but the role of the intestinal innate immune system in CF is unknown. Human β-defensin 2 (HBD-2) is an antimicrobial protein produced by epithelial surfaces and upregulated by inflammation. Its expression in the CF intestine is unknown.

Intestinal inflammation and impact on growth in children with cystic fibrosis.

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare faecal markers of intestinal inflammation in children with cystic fibrosis (CF), and determine whether intestinal inflammation adversely affects the nutritional phenotype.

Methods: Faecal samples for markers of intestinal inflammation, calprotectin, S100A12, and osteoprotegerin, were collected from children with CF, healthy controls (HCs), and Crohn disease (CD). Associations between inflammatory markers and clinical and nutritional indices were determined in subjects with CF.

Elevated fecal M2-pyruvate kinase in children with cystic fibrosis: a clue to the increased risk of intestinal malignancy in adulthood?

Background And Aim: Adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) have an increased risk of gastrointestinal malignancies. We hypothesized that increased intestinal cell turnover beginning in childhood may explain the increased risk of malignancy in early adulthood. Therefore, we aimed to measure fecal M2-pyruvate kinase (M2-PK), a biomarker of intestinal cell turnover, in children with CF.

Fecal biomarkers of intestinal health and disease in children.

The identification of various fecal biomarkers has provided insight into the intestinal milieu. Most of these markers are associated with the innate immune system of the gut, apart from the more novel M2-pyruvate kinase. The innate immunity of the gut plays a role in maintaining a fine balance between tolerance to commensal bacteria and immune response to potential pathogens.