Uptake and bio-transformation of telmisartan by cress (Lepidium sativum) from sewage treatment plant effluents using high-performance liquid chromatography/drift-tube ion-mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

In the present study, the uptake and metabolization of the sartan drug telmisartan by a series of plants was investigated. Thereby for seven potential metabolites, modifications on the telmisartan molecule such as hydroxylation and/or glycosylation could be tentatively identified. For two additional signals detected at accurate masses m/z 777.

Intraoperative Findings of Lateral Ligament Avulsion Fractures and Outcome After Refixation to the Fibula.

Background: An acute ankle sprain can result in a bony avulsion of the lateral ankle ligaments. The extent of concomitant lesions and subsequent instability patterns are not clearly understood. The high incidence of old avulsion fractures found in symptomatic chronic ankle instability may indicate the need for primary fixation.

Chronic Ankle Instability (Medial and Lateral).

Ankle ligament injuries are among the most frequent reasons for emergency consultations of athletes. A majority of these can be treated conservatively; however, up to 40% develop chronic ankle instability requiring surgical reconstruction to restore functionality.

Medial approach to the subtalar joint: anatomy, indications, technique tips.

The medial approach to the subtalar joint allows good visualization of the articular surfaces. Compared with the lateral approach, advantages are found particularly in flatfoot correction, in which the single-incision technique can be used for corrective fusions of rigid flatfoot deformity. Union rates are comparable with the traditional lateral approach; however, wound healing problems occur less frequently.

Alleviating distressing intrusive memories in depression: a comparison between computerised cognitive bias modification and cognitive behavioural education.

Negative appraisals maintain intrusive memories and intrusion-distress in depression, but treatment is underdeveloped. This study compared the efficacy of computerised bias modification positive appraisal training (CBM) versus a therapist-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy session (CB-Education) that both aimed to target and alter negative appraisals of a negative intrusive autobiographical memory. Dysphoric participants (Mean BDI-II = 27.

Cognitive Bias Modification Using Mental Imagery for Depression: Developing a Novel Computerized Intervention to Change Negative Thinking Styles.

Why do some people see their glass as half-empty rather than half-full or even imagine that the glass will be filled in the future? Experimental methods can illuminate how individual differences in information processing style can profoundly impact mood or even result in disorders such as depression. A computerized cognitive bias modification intervention targeting interpretation bias in depression via positive mental imagery (CBM-I) was evaluated by investigating its impact on mental health and cognitive bias compared with a control condition. Twenty-six depressed individuals completed either positive imagery-focussed CBM-I or a control condition daily at home over one week.

Developing a measure of interpretation bias for depressed mood: An ambiguous scenarios test.

The tendency to interpret ambiguous everyday situations in a relatively negative manner (negative interpretation bias) is central to cognitive models of depression. Limited tools are available to measure this bias, either experimentally or in the clinic. This study aimed to develop a pragmatic interpretation bias measure using an ambiguous scenarios test relevant to depressed mood (the AST-D).

Mental imagery and emotion in treatment across disorders: using the example of depression.

Abnormalities in mental imagery have been implicated in a range of mental health conditions. Imagery has a particularly powerful effect on emotion and as such plays a particularly important role in emotional disorders. In depression, not only is the occurrence of intrusive negative imagery problematic, but also the lack of positive (in particular, future-directed) imagery is important.

Developing interpretation bias modification as a "cognitive vaccine" for depressed mood: imagining positive events makes you feel better than thinking about them verbally.

Two interpretation bias modification experiments found that mental imagery vs. verbal processing of positive material have differential emotional effects. In Experiment 1, participants were instructed to imagine positively resolved auditory descriptions or to listen to the same events while thinking about their verbal meaning.

Reducing depressive intrusions via a computerized cognitive bias modification of appraisals task: developing a cognitive vaccine.

A feature of depression is the distressing experience of intrusive, negative memories. The maladaptive appraisals of such intrusions have been associated with symptom persistence. This study aimed to experimentally manipulate appraisals about depressive intrusions via a novel computerized cognitive bias modification (CBM) of appraisals paradigm, and to test the impact on depressive intrusion frequency for a standardized event (a depressive film).

Prospective and positive mental imagery deficits in dysphoria.

We know less about positive mental imagery than we do about negative mental imagery in depression. This study examined the relationship between depressed mood and the subjective experience of emotion in imagined events; specifically, prospective imagery, and imagery in response to emotionally ambiguous stimuli. One hundred and twenty-six undergraduates completed measures of depression, imagery vividness for future events, and a homograph interpretation task in which they generated images and subsequently rated image pleasantness and vividness.

The use of safety behaviours to manage intrusive memories in depression.

Cognitive models of clinical disorders conceptualise cognitive and behavioural safety-seeking behaviours as central to symptom persistence because they prevent disconfirmation of key maintaining beliefs. Despite growing evidence of the role of negative beliefs about intrusive memories in depression, it remains unclear why such beliefs persist. Accordingly, we examined whether safety behaviours in response to unhelpful beliefs about intrusive memories might play a role in their maintenance.

An investigation of the relationship between cognitive reactivity and rumination.

Teasdale's (Teasdale, J.D. (1988).

Acute phase protein response in an experimental model of ovine caseous lymphadenitis.

Background: Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) is a disease of small ruminants caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. The pathogenesis of CLA is a slow process, and produces a chronic rather than an acute disease state. Acute phase proteins (APP) such as haptoglobin (Hp) serum amyloid A (SAA) and alpha1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) are produced by the liver and released into the circulation in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines.