Representation of Women in Ophthalmology Subspecialty Societies over 20 Years.

The representation of women has increased over the last 20 years among ophthalmology subspecialty society new membership, award winners, and executive committee membership; however, proportional representation is still lacking at most benchmarks.

Analysis of Sex Diversity Trends Among Ophthalmology Match Applicants, Residents, and Clinical Faculty.

Importance: The proportion of women in the field of ophthalmology in the US trails the proportion of women in the general population. Sex diversity trends have been studied in other specialties, but there is a dearth of such literature in ophthalmology.

Objective: To investigate trends in the proportion of female ophthalmology match applicants, residents, and clinical faculty.

Progress Towards Parity: Female Representation in the American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.

Purpose: To report female representation within the American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (ASOPRS) at all levels of career achievement over 50 years.

Methods: Data were extrapolated from published ASOPRS directories and the 50th anniversary booklet. Fellowship, membership, leadership, and awards data were evaluated over 5 decades.

Ophthalmic malpractice and physician gender: a claims data analysis (an American Ophthalmological Society thesis).

Purpose: To analyze and compare malpractice claims rates between male and female ophthalmologists and test the hypothesis that claims rates are equal between the two sexes.

Methods: A retrospective, cohort study review was made of all claims reported to the Ophthalmic Mutual Insurance Company from January 1990 through December 2008 in which an expense (including indemnity and/or legal defense costs) was paid or reserved. A total of 2,251 claims were examined.

Castleman's disease in the orbit of a 17-year-old girl: a case report.

Castleman's disease is an atypical lympho proliferative disorder comprising hyaline vascular elements, plasma cells, or a mixture of both, which can present in unicentric or multicentric fashion. Resection of unicentric lesions is typically curative, but multicentric disease, also characterized by constitutional symptoms and a poorer prognosis, often requires treatment with chemotherapy, radiation, steroids, or immune modulators. Castleman's disease is rarely diagnosed in the orbit.

Eyelid eversion for visualisation of the upper eyelid lamellae: an anatomical cadaver study.

Controversy persists in surgical eyelid anatomy despite the routine use of microanatomical examination in modern eyelid research. The aim of our study was to facilitate visualisation of upper eyelid anatomy by optimising the orientation of cadaveric specimens. We studied the anatomy of everted eyelids, providing an excellent histological view of the posterior approach to the eyelid commonly used in surgery.

Müller muscle conjunctival resection for blepharoptosis in patients with poor to fair levator function.

It has been suggested that Müller muscle conjunctival resection might not be a good procedure for the treatment of blepharoptosis in patients with less than optimal levator function. This case series includes four eyelids (three patients) that had fair preoperative levator function (4 to 8 mm) and good response to phenylephrine. The mean preoperative levator function was 6.

Müller muscle-conjunctiva resection for blepharoptosis in patients with glaucoma filtering blebs.

Purpose: To study the safety and efficacy of Müller muscle-conjunctiva resection (MMCR) for blepharoptosis in patients with functional glaucoma-filtering blebs.

Methods: Retrospective chart review of patients who underwent MMCR in the presence of a functioning filtering bleb. Patients offered MMCR all responded satisfactorily to preoperative topical phenylephrine hydrochloride testing.