Surgical Simulation Maximizing the Use of Fresh-Frozen Cadaveric Specimens: Examination of Tissue Integrity Using Ultrasound.

Background: Arthroscopic surgical simulation, including the use of cadaveric tissue, is valuable for training orthopedic surgery residents. However, it is unclear how often fresh-frozen cadaveric tissue can be reused to provide a reproducible model for developing arthroscopic skills.

Objective: We determined the usefulness of ultrasound in evaluating tissue degradation in fresh-frozen shoulder and knee joints used for surgical simulation.