Publications by authors named "Tamara Castillo-Trivino"
Background And Objectives: The impact of viral infections on disease susceptibility and progression has predominantly been studied in patients with relapse-onset MS (RMS). Here, we determined immune responses to ubiquitous viruses in patients with primary progressive MS (PPMS).
Methods: Antibody responses to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), specifically to the latent EBV nuclear antigen 1 and the lytic viral capsid antigen VCA, human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), and measles virus were determined in a cohort of 68 PPMS patients with a mean follow-up of 8 years and compared with 66 healthy controls matched for sex and age.
Background: The relationship between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and multiple sclerosis (MS) relapse and disease progression remains unclear. Previous studies are limited by small sample sizes and most lack a propensity-matched control cohort.
Objective: To evaluate the effect of COVID-19 infection on MS disease course with a large propensity-matched cohort.
This study aimed to unravel the single tetraspanin pattern of extracellular vesicles (EVs), L1CAM and GLAST EV levels as diagnostic biomarkers to stratify people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS), specifically relapsing-remitting (RRMS) and primary progressive (PPMS). The ExoView platform was used to directly track single EVs using a clinically feasible volume of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples. This technology allowed us to examine the patterns of classical tetraspanin and quantify the levels of L1CAM and GLAST proteins, commonly used to immunoisolate putative neuron- and astrocyte-derived EVs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated and heterogeneous disease characterized by demyelination, axonal damage, and physical and cognitive impairment. Recent studies have highlighted alterations in the microbiota of people with MS (pwMS). However, the intricate nature of the disease and the wide range of treatments available make it challenging to identify specific microbial populations or functions associated with MS symptoms and disease progression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: People with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (pwSPMS) experience increasing disability, which impacts negatively on their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Our aims were to assess the impact of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) on functional status and HRQoL and describe the clinical profile in this population.
Methods: DISCOVER is an observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study with retrospective data collection in real-world clinical practice in Spain.
Article Synopsis
- * Machine learning models were applied to predict confirmed disability progression after two years, achieving a ROC-AUC score of 0.71, indicating moderate accuracy, while historical disability was found to be a stronger predictor than treatment or relapse history.
- * The research followed strict guidelines and made its coding accessible for others to facilitate future benchmarking in predicting disability progression in MS patients.
Background And Objectives: The complement system is known to play a role in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. However, its contribution to disease progression remains elusive. The study investigated the role of the complement system in disability progression of patients with primary progressive MS (PPMS).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMultiple sclerosis (MS) arises from a complex interplay between host genetic factors and environmental components, with the gut microbiota emerging as a key area of investigation. In the current study, we used ion torrent sequencing to delve into the bacteriome (bacterial microbiota) and mycobiome (fungal microbiota) of people with MS (pwMS), and compared them to healthy controls (HC). Through principal coordinate, diversity, and abundance analyses, as well as clustering and cross-kingdom microbial correlation assessments, we uncovered significant differences in the microbial profiles between pwMS and HC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- The study explored how serum biomarkers (sNfL, sGFAP, sCHI3L1) could predict disability progression in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) using data from 141 patients across 18 European centers.
- The researchers measured the biomarkers at the beginning of the study and tracked changes in disability over time using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) at three intervals.
- Results showed that all three biomarkers were linked to disability changes, but only sCHI3L1 was significant in non-inflammatory cases, suggesting it may be a more reliable predictor of progression in PPMS.
Introduction: Teriflunomide is a once-daily oral immunomodulator approved for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS) or relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS; depending on the local label), based on extensive evidence from clinical trials and a real-world setting on efficacy, tolerability and patient-reported benefits. The TERICARE study assessed the impact of teriflunomide treatment over 2 years on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and some of the most common and disabling symptoms of MS, such as fatigue and depression.
Methods: This prospective observational study in Spain included RRMS patients treated with teriflunomide for ≤ 4 weeks.
Article Synopsis
- This study investigates the relationship between environmental factors and progressive-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) compared to relapse-onset multiple sclerosis (ROMS), aiming to better understand the causes of POMS.
- Data is drawn from two major studies, including a sample of 155 POMS, 204 ROMS, and 558 controls, ensuring that the POMS sample is representative of the broader Australian POMS population.
- The research addresses various methodological challenges, such as biases and differences between POMS and controls, and will present findings on the associations in future publications.
Importance: Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (AHSCT) is available for treatment of highly active multiple sclerosis (MS).
Objective: To compare the effectiveness of AHSCT vs fingolimod, natalizumab, and ocrelizumab in relapsing-remitting MS by emulating pairwise trials.
Design, Setting, And Participants: This comparative treatment effectiveness study included 6 specialist MS centers with AHSCT programs and international MSBase registry between 2006 and 2021.
Article Synopsis
- This study examines the effectiveness of six different therapies for treating relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) over 5 years, using a large dataset from 74 centers across 35 countries.
- Researchers found that natalizumab and fingolimod were more effective in reducing relapses and worsening disability compared to other therapies like dimethyl fumarate, teriflunomide, glatiramer acetate, and interferon beta.
- The findings highlight the potential of marginal structural models (MSMs) to simulate clinical trials and compare various treatment outcomes in real-world patient populations.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates geographical differences in the risk of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) and how these may be influenced by factors like latitude and treatment types.
- It utilizes data from a global patient registry, focusing on relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients and factors such as age, sex, and treatment efficacy.
- The research analyzes data from over 51,000 patients across 27 countries to establish patterns in the progression from relapsing-remitting to secondary progressive phases of the disease.
Disability accrual is mainly driven by progression independent of relapse activity, which is present even in early stages of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and sometimes overlooked. This multicenter, non-interventional study evaluated whether patient-reported outcomes measures (PROMs) could capture disability in 189 early-stage RRMS patients (mean age: 36.1 ± 9.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDisability accrual in primary and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry
September 2023
Article Synopsis
- The study compares disability progression in primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS), revealing that SPMS has a later onset and slower disability accrual compared to PPMS.* -
- Analysis utilized data from the MSBase cohort, adjusting for factors like age, sex, and drug therapies, and included 1,872 PPMS patients and 2,575 SPMS patients.* -
- Findings suggest that although SPMS patients start with greater baseline disability, their slower progression may lead to similar disability levels over time, indicating the need for careful consideration when combining these groups in clinical trials.*
Background: The prognostic significance of non-disabling relapses in people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) is unclear.
Objective: To determine whether early non-disabling relapses predict disability accumulation in RRMS.
Methods: We redefined mild relapses in MSBase as 'non-disabling', and moderate or severe relapses as 'disabling'.
Background: In the absence of evidence from randomised controlled trials, observational data can be used to emulate clinical trials and guide clinical decisions. Observational studies are, however, susceptible to confounding and bias. Among the used techniques to reduce indication bias are propensity score matching and marginal structural models.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Purpose: This study assessed the effect of patient characteristics on the response to disease-modifying therapy (DMT) in multiple sclerosis (MS).
Methods: We extracted data from 61,810 patients from 135 centers across 35 countries from the MSBase registry. The selection criteria were: clinically isolated syndrome or definite MS, follow-up ≥ 1 year, and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score ≥ 3, with ≥1 score recorded per year.
Background: The increasing number of treatments that are now available to manage patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) highlights the need to develop biomarkers that can be used within the framework of individualized medicine. Fingolimod is a disease-modifying treatment that belongs to the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators. In addition to inhibiting T cell egress from lymph nodes, fingolimod promotes the immunosuppressive activity of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), whose monocytic subset (M-MDSCs) can be used as a biomarker of disease severity, as well as the degree of demyelination and extent of axonal damage in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, demyelinating, and immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system caused by a combination of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. The incidence of MS has increased in the past several decades, suggesting changes in the environmental risk factors. Much effort has been made in the description of the gut microbiota in MS; however, little is known about the dysbiosis on its function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Over the decades, several natural history studies on patients with primary (PPMS) or secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) were reported from international registries. In PPMS, a consistent heterogeneity on long-term disability trajectories was demonstrated. The aim of this study was to identify subgroups of patients with SPMS with similar longitudinal trajectories of disability over time.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The evolving therapeutic landscape requires more participation of patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) in treatment decisions. The aim of this study was to assess the association between patient's self-perception, cognitive impairment and behavioral factors in treatment choices in a cohort of patients at an early stage of RRMS.
Methods: We conducted a multicenter, non-interventional study including adult patients with a diagnosis of RRMS, a disease duration ≤18 months and receiving care at one of the 21 participating MS centers from across Spain.
Article Synopsis
- This study evaluates the rate of disease activity return in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients after they stop using disease-modifying therapy, focusing on relapse rates and factors influencing relapse.
- A large sample of 14,213 patients showed that relapse rates typically increased within 2 months after stopping treatment, with earlier commencement of new therapy reducing these rates significantly.
- Factors predicting relapse included having a higher relapse rate prior to stopping therapy, being younger, being female, and having a higher Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score, with subsequent therapy reducing both relapse risk and disability progression.