From dairy waste to butyric acid: Scaling the valorization process.

To move towards a circular dairy sector and reduce its environmental impact, sustainable management of its by-products is essential. This study presents a novel approach to valorize milk permeate through the production of butyric acid. Key operating parameters, including hydraulic retention time (HRT) and pH, were tested at a laboratory scale and the best conditions were validated at a pre-industrial scale in a dairy factory.

Features of aerobic granular sludge formation treating fluctuating industrial saline wastewater at pilot scale.

A pilot-scale sequencing batch reactor, with a working volume of 3 m, was installed in a fish cannery to develop aerobic granular sludge treating the produced effluents. Depending on the nitrogen (N) and organic matter (COD) concentration, the effluents were named in this study as medium-low-strength (Stage I) and high-strength (Stage II) wastewater. The composition of the wastewater was found to be a crucial factor to select granule-forming organisms.