sp. nov., derived from a human granuloma, which forms black colonies and black halos on modified Tinsdale medium but is not closely related to and related taxa.

, , , , and are the only taxa from among ~121 species deemed potentially able to harbour diphtheria genes. Subsequently -gene bearing species may potentially produce diphtheria toxin, which is linked to fatal respiratory distress if a pharyngeal pseudomembrane is formed or toxaemia develops in those unimmunized or under-immunized. Detection of diphtheria toxin-producing species may also invoke a public health response and contact tracing.

sp. nov., derived from human clinical materials and recovered from cystic fibrosis and other patient types in Canada, and emendation of Young . 2007.

Twelve isolates recovered from 10 cystic fibrosis/other patient types and a variety of clinical sources, were referred to Canada's National Microbiology Laboratory over 7 years. These were assignable to the genus but were unidentifiable to species level. Patients included five males and five females from two geographically separated provinces, ranging in age from 2 months to 84 years.

Description of sp. nov. and sp. nov., derived from human clinical materials, emendation of Stormo 2019 and emendation of the genus to include species which are strict anaerobes.

The (HACEK) group genus contained a single species, for many years. In November 2019, was described after recovery from a brain abscess and blood culture in Norway. Coincidentally, characterization of 22 Gram-negative bacteria resembling from 17 Canadian patients had been underway.

Another Whipple's triad? Pericardial, myocardial and valvular disease in an unusual case presentation from a Canadian perspective.

Background: Whipple's disease is a clinically relevant multi-system disorder that is often undiagnosed given its elusive nature. We present an atypical case of Whipple's disease involving pan-valvular endocarditis and constrictive pericarditis, requiring cardiac intervention. A literature review was also performed assessing the prevalence of atypical cases of Whipple's disease.

Legionella co-infection in HIV-associated pneumonia.

Due to poor diagnostics and increased co-infections, HIV-associated Legionella infections are underreported. We aimed to retrospectively determine the frequency of Legionella infections in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from HIV-associated pneumonia patients hospitalized in Medellin, Colombia, between February 2007 and April 2014. Although culture was negative, 17 BAL (36%) were positive for Legionella by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, most of which were in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Pneumocystis jirovecii co-infected patients, and included L.

Clostridium neonatale sp. nov. linked to necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates and a clarification of species assignable to the genus Clostridium (Prazmowski 1880) emend. Lawson and Rainey 2016.

A description of an outbreak of necrotizing enterocolitis among neonates, linked to the putative novel species Clostridium neonatale and assignable to the genus Clostridium, was previously reported in brief but that name had never been validly published (Alfa et al. Clin Inf Dis 2002;35:S101-S105). Features of this taxon group and its phylogenetic position with respect to contemporary species in the genus Clostridium were recently reviewed and still found to be unique.

Brevibacterium massiliense (Roux and Raoult 2009) is a later heterotypic synonym of Brevibacterium ravenspurgense (Mages, Frodl, Bernard and Funke 2009), using whole-genome sequence analysis as a comparative tool.

A patient strain derived from urine was found by 16S rRNA gene sequencing to be closely related (99.6 % identity) to sequences derived from both Brevibacterium ravenspurgense CCUG 56047T and Brevibacterium massilienseCCUG 53855T. Those species had been described during the same 11 month period in 2008-2009.

Corynebacterium lowii sp. nov. and Corynebacterium oculi sp. nov., derived from human clinical disease and an emended description of Corynebacterium mastitidis.

Strains of members of the genus Corynebacterium derived from ophthalmologic patients in Japan, Belgium and Switzerland and found to be closely related to-, but distinguishable from Corynebacterium mastitidis by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, were characterized using biochemical, chemotaxonomic, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and antimicrobial susceptibility methods and DNA-DNA hybridization as well as by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Based on this investigation, we describe Corynebacterium lowii sp. nov.

Isolation and characterization of Pigmentiphaga-like isolates from human clinical material.

Species in the genus Pigmentiphaga are Gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive rods derived exclusively to date from environmental sources. Features of strains most like Pigmentiphaga daeguensis or Pigmentiphaga kullae from a case of suppurative otitis media in a 6-year-old female post-transplant recipient and in a human stool sample are described.

Staphylococcus lugdunensis: low prevalence and clinical significance in a pediatric microbiology laboratory.

Staphylococcus lugdunensis is reported to be a highly virulent coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species, but whether it is an important pediatric pathogen is uncertain. At our pediatric center, only 2.1% (7/347) of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolates were found to be S.

Emendation of the description of the species Corynebacterium propinquum to include strains which produce urease.

Corynebacterium propinquum is a Gram-positive rod occasionally recovered from clinical infections which, according to 16S rRNA gene sequencing, is most closely related (>99% sequence similarity) to Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum. The two species are very similar biochemically, commonly differentiated by a single test, the detection of urease, where strains of C. propinquum are described as being urease-non-producing and strains of C.

Canada's first case of a multidrug-resistant Corynebacterium diphtheriae strain, isolated from a skin abscess.

A toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae biovar mitis sequence type 136 (ST136) strain was recovered from a toe infection of an unvaccinated patient recently returned from India. The isolate was resistant to clindamycin, erythromycin (ermX positive), tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, intermediate to ceftriaxone and cefotaxime, and had high MICs for telithromycin and chloramphenicol but was sensitive to other drugs.

Corynebacterium macginleyi conjunctivitis in Canada.

This report describes for the first time Corynebacterium macginleyi as a cause of conjunctivitis in Canada, where menaquinone analysis was done as part of the strain characterization. This species is typically isolated from ocular surfaces of patients from Europe and Japan. The isolate was resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin.

Assignment of Brevibacterium stationis (ZoBell and Upham 1944) Breed 1953 to the genus Corynebacterium, as Corynebacterium stationis comb. nov., and emended description of the genus Corynebacterium to include isolates that can alkalinize citrate.

Brevibacterium stationis ATCC 14403(T), Corynebacterium ammoniagenes ATCC 6872 and two clinical isolates were found to form a single taxon group consistent with the genus Corynebacterium, designated here as Corynebacterium stationis comb. nov. The type strain of Corynebacterium stationis is ATCC 14403(T) =CCUG 43497( T) =CIP 104228(T) =DSM 20302(T) =NBRC 12144(T) =JCM 11611(T) =VKM B-1228(T).

First report of isolation and characterization of Aurantimonas altamirensis from clinical samples.

The genus Aurantimonas, proposed in 2003, encompasses four species from environmental sources, including Aurantimonas altamirensis, isolated from a cave wall in Spain. Here, we report what we believe are the first cases of the recovery of A. altamirensis from human clinical materials.

Gardnerella vaginalis bacteremia in a previously healthy man: case report and characterization of the isolate.

Gardnerella vaginalis in women causes vaginitis or infections in other sites, such as the urinary tract, but is an infrequent cause of bacteremia. Bacteremia in men is very rare and is typically associated with immunocompromised states. Here we describe G.

Legionella jordanis lower respiratory tract infection: case report and review.

Legionella jordanis was first described in 1982 after isolation from environmental sources and is otherwise a very rare human pathogen. Here, we report the recovery of L. jordanis from a bronchoalveolar lavage specimen from a patient who presented with an indolent lower respiratory tract infection associated with constitutional symptoms.

Molecular typing of a Legionella pneumophila outbreak in Ontario, Canada.

An outbreak of Legionnaires' disease at a long-term care facility in Ontario, Canada from September to October 2005 resulted in the death of 23 residents and the illness of 112 other people. In response, molecular methods were developed to detect Legionella pneumophila in clinical lung samples and to subtype isolates from clinical and environmental samples. The targeted genetic loci included Legionella-specific virulence determinants (mip, icmO, sidA and lidA) and core bacterial determinants (ftsZ, trpS and dnaX).

Viability testing of material derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis prior to removal from a containment level-III laboratory as part of a Laboratory Risk Assessment Program.

Background: In the field of clinical mycobacteriology, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) can be a difficult organism to manipulate due to the restrictive environment of a containment level 3 (CL3) laboratory. Tests for rapid diagnostic work involving smears and molecular methods do not require CL3 practices after the organism has been rendered non-viable. While it has been assumed that after organism deactivation these techniques can be performed outside of a CL3, no conclusive study has consistently confirmed that the organisms are noninfectious after the theoretical 'deactivation' steps.

Evaluation of sputum decontamination methods for Mycobacterium tuberculosis using viable colony counts and flow cytometry.

Continuous monitoring systems for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are reported to have higher contamination rates than traditional radiometric technologies. Multiple decontamination methods have recently been reported in an attempt to optimize contamination rates for these systems. In this study, several decontamination methods for sputum were evaluated using viable colony count and flow cytometry.