Does Physical Exercise Improve Resting Autonomic Cardiac Modulation in Overweight and Obese Children and Adolescents? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of interventions with physical exercise on cardiac autonomic modulation of overweight and/or obese children and adolescents.

Method: The present systematic review was registered in PROSPERO. Searches were performed in the MEDLINE, CENTRAL, SciELO, Scopus, CINAHL, SportDiscus, LILACS, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases.

Lumbar spine bone mineral density in women breastfeeding for a period of 4 to 6 months: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: During the breastfeeding period, important transient changes in calcium homeostasis are verified in the maternal skeleton, to meet the demand for calcium for breastmilk production. The literature is inconclusive regarding the causes and percentages of involvement of bone densitometry resulting from exclusive breastfeeding (4 to 6 months).

Methods: This article aims to systematically review the literature, to determine the occurrence, intensity, and factors involved in alterations in maternal bone mineral density (BMD), during a period of 4 to 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding.

Inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in obese adolescents with antibody against to adenovirus 36.

Obesity in adolescents has reached epidemic proportions and is associated with the inflammatory response and viral infections. The aim of this study was to understand the profile of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines associated with the inflammatory response and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in obese adolescents with positive serology for adenovirus 36 (ADV36). Thirty-six overweight, 36 obese, and 25 severe obesity adolescents aged 10 to 16 years were included in the study.

Effect of two combinations of low-dose oral contraceptives on adolescent bone mass: A clinical trial with 2 years follow-up.

Introduction: Most contraceptive combinations can interfere with the processes of bone formation and resorption.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 2 combinations of low-dose oral hormonal contraceptives (20 µg ethinyl estradiol [EE]/150 mg desogestrel [COC1] or 30 µg EE/3 mg drospirenone [COC2]) on bone mass acquisition in adolescents over 2 years by means of bone densitometry and measurement of biomarkers of bone remodeling.

Methods: Parallel-group, non-randomized controlled clinical trial of 127 adolescents divided into a control group and 2 groups receiving either COC1 or COC2.

Impact of metabolic syndrome and its components on bone remodeling in adolescents.

Introduction: Osteoporosis and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are diseases that have serious public health consequences, reducing the quality of life of patients and increasing morbidity and mortality, with substantial healthcare expenditures.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of MetS on bone mineral density (BMD) and biochemical markers of bone formation and resorption in adolescents with excess weight.

Method: A descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was performed that evaluated 271 adolescents of both sexes (10 to 16 years).

One-year adolescent bone mineral density and bone formation marker changes through the use or lack of use of combined hormonal contraceptives.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of two low-dose combined oral contraceptives on bone metabolism in adolescents for one year.

Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study. The adolescents were divided into three groups: oral contraceptives 1 (n=42) (20μg EE/150μg desogestrel), oral contraceptives 2 (n=66) (30μg EE/3mg drospirenone), and a control group (n=70).

Do metabolic syndrome and its components have an impact on bone mineral density in adolescents?

In recent years, there has been growing concern about the occurrence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) at an early age and its effects on bone mass in adolescents. Adolescence is considered a critical period for bone mass gain. Impaired bone acquisition during this phase can lead to "suboptimal" peak bone mass and increase the risk of osteopenia/osteoporosis and fractures in old age.

ERICA: prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Brazilian adolescents.

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS We evaluated 37,504 adolescents who were participants in the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA), a cross-sectional, school-based, national study. The adolescents, aged from 12 to 17 years, lived in cities with populations greater than 100,000 inhabitants.

The Effects of 17 Weeks of Ballet Training on the Autonomic Modulation, Hormonal and General Biochemical Profile of Female Adolescents.

This study aimed to examine the alterations in physiological and biochemical markers, after 17 weeks of ballet training in high level ballet dancers. Twenty four female ballet dancers from 12 to 15 years old took part in the study. The study followed 17 weeks of ballet training and analyzed changes in body composition, the autonomic nervous system and biochemical variables before and after (post) training.

Low-dose combined oral contraceptive use is associated with lower bone mineral content variation in adolescents over a 1-year period.

Background: Low-dose combined oral contraceptives (COCs) can interfere with bone mass acquisition during adolescence. This study aimed to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) in female adolescents taking a standard low-dose COC (ethinylestradiol 20 μg/desogestrel 150 μg) over a 1-year period and to compare their data with those of healthy adolescents from the same age group not taking COCs.

Methods: This was a non-randomized parallel-control study with a 1-year follow-up.

The Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents--ERICA: rationale, design and sample characteristics of a national survey examining cardiovascular risk factor profile in Brazilian adolescents.

Background: The Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents (Portuguese acronym, "ERICA") is a multicenter, school-based country-wide cross-sectional study funded by the Brazilian Ministry of Health, which aims at estimating the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, including those included in the definition of the metabolic syndrome, in a random sample of adolescents aged 12 to 17 years in Brazilian cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants. Approximately 85,000 students were assessed in public and private schools. Brazil is a continental country with a heterogeneous population of 190 million living in its five main geographic regions (North, Northeast, Midwest, South and Southeast).

Relationship between chronological and bone ages and pubertal stage of breasts with bone biomarkers and bone mineral density in adolescents.

Objective: To study bone mineral density (BMD) in adolescent females according to five groups of chronological age (CA), bone age (BA), and breast development stage (B), and to correlate these parameters with plasma bone biomarkers (BB).

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study performed in 101 healthy adolescent females between 10 and 20 years old. The study variables were: weight, height, body mass index (BMI), CA, B, BA, calcium intake, BMD, and BB.

Excess body fat negatively affects bone mass in adolescents.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of excess body fat on bone mass in overweight, obese, and extremely obese adolescents.

Methods: This study included 377 adolescents of both sexes, ages 10 to 19 y. Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), bone age, bone mineral content (BMC), and bone mineral density (BMD) were obtained by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.

Metabolic syndrome reduces bone mineral density in overweight adolescents.

Growing concern has focused on the occurrence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its effects on bone mass. There is little information available in the literature concerning the relationship between MetS and BMD in adolescents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of MetS and its components on bone mineral density (BMD) in overweight adolescent boys and girls.

[Clinical manifestations, biochemical, ultrasonographic and metabolic of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents].

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical, ultrasonographic, biochemical and metabolic alterations of adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Methods: Retrospective observational study conducted on 44 adolescents aged 12 to 19 years, diagnosed with PCOS according to the Rotterdam Consensus. Metabolic changes were assessed according to the recommendations of the International Diabetes Federation, considering: waist circumference (WC) >90th percentile (10-15 years of age) or >80 cm (age >16 years), fasting glucose >100 mg/dL, triglycerides >150 mg/dL, HDL <40 mg/dL, and blood pressure >Hg 130/85 mm.

Does excess weight interfere with bone mass accumulation during adolescence?

Obesity and osteoporosis are important global health problems characterized by increasing prevalence with high impact on morbidity and mortality. The objective of this review was to determine whether excess weight during adolescence interferes with bone mass accumulation. If bone mineral gain can be optimized during puberty, adults are less likely to suffer from the devastating complications of osteoporosis.

Bone metabolism biomarkers, body weight, and bone age in healthy Brazilian male adolescents.

Eighty-seven male volunteers were grouped according to bone age (BA): 10-12 years (n=25), 13-15 years (n=36), and 16-18 years (n=26), and the following were recorded for each: weight (kg), height (m), BMI (kg/m(2)), calcium intake from three 24-h food recalls (mg/day), puberty evaluation by Tanner stages, bone biomarker (BB) evaluation, serum osteocalcin (OC), bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), carboxyterminal telopeptide (S-CTx), and bone mineral density (BMD) evaluations by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (g x cm(2)) in the lumbar spine, proximal femur, and the whole body. BBs showed similar behaviors, and very high median values were observed for individuals aged 13-15 years (BAP = 155.50 IU/L, OC = 41.

Impact of skeletal maturation on bone metabolism biomarkers and bone mineral density in healthy Brazilian male adolescents.

Objective: To evaluate the behavior of biomarkers of bone formation and resorption in healthy male Brazilian adolescents according to their biological maturation.

Methods: Eighty-seven volunteers were divided into age groups according to bone age (BA): 10-12 years (n = 25), 13-15 years (n = 36), and 16-18 years (n = 26). Weight (kg), height (m), body mass index (kg/m(2)), calcium intake from 3 days assessed by 24-h food recall (mg/day), pubertal event evaluation by Tanner criteria, and serum biomarker levels (osteocalcin [OC] [ng/mL], bone alkaline phosphatase [BAP] [U/L], and serum carboxyterminal telopeptide [S-CTx] [ng/mL]) were recorded and correlated to bone mineral density (BMD) (g/cm(2)) measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry of the lumbar spine, proximal femur, and whole body.

The impact of different types of physical activity on total and regional bone mineral density in young Brazilian athletes.

Bone turnover is affected by exercise throughout the lifespan, especially during childhood and adolescence. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of different sports on total and regional bone mineral density in male Brazilian adolescent athletes. Forty-six adolescents aged 10-18 years participated in the study: 12 swimmers, 10 tennis players, 10 soccer players, and 14 sedentary individuals.

[Abortion in the adolescence: from life to the experience of the empty lap - a qualitative study].

The present study aimed to investigate the process of abortion in the adolescence, according to adolescence perspective at Santa Izabel Maternity Hospital, in the city of Bauru - São Paulo, Brazil. The qualitative methodology tried to understand the adolescent's experience on the abortion process, building a theoretical sample that represents it. Symbolic interacionism was used as referential theory and grounded theory as methodological reference.

Calcium intake and its relationship with risk of overweight and obesity in adolescents.

Adolescents' eating habits are determined by social, psychological, economic, political, and educational influences. They tend to prefer foods with inadequate nutritional value and high fat and carbohydrate content which leads to excessive weight gain and for many, calcium intake is restricted. According to some authors, low calcium intake is linked to increased adiposity.