Frequency of Culture-proven Bacterial Infection and Radiographic Pneumonia in Pediatric Heart Transplant Recipients.

Background: Infection is a leading cause of death after pediatric heart transplants (PHTs). Understanding of common pathogens is needed to guide testing strategies and empiric antibiotic use.

Methods: We conducted a 3-center retrospective study of PHT recipients ≤18 years old presenting to cardiology clinics or emergency departments (EDs) from 2010 to 2018 for evaluation of suspected infections within 2 years of transplant.

Development of a Model to Identify Febrile Children at Low Risk for Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome.

Objectives: The case definition for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is broad and encompasses symptoms and signs commonly seen in children with fever. Our aim was to identify clinical predictors that, independently or in combination, identify febrile children presenting to the emergency department (ED) as low risk for MIS-C.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective single-center study of otherwise healthy children 2 months to 20 years of age presenting to the ED with fever and who had a laboratory evaluation for MIS-C between April 15, 2020, and October 31, 2020.

Bacteremia in Pediatric Liver Transplant Recipients.

Background: We aimed to determine the frequency of bacteremia, septic shock and bacterial meningitis in pediatric liver transplant recipients (pLTRs) in the outpatient setting and to identify clinical factors associated with bacteremia.

Methods: Multicenter retrospective study of pLTRs evaluated in the emergency department or outpatient clinic between 2010 and 2018 for suspected infection, defined as fever ≥38 °C or a blood culture obtained. We excluded patients with nontransplant immunodeficiency, multiorgan transplants or intestinal failure.

Accuracy of NGAL as a Biomarker for Urinary Tract Infection in Young Febrile Children: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis.

Objective: To compare the accuracy of urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and leukocyte esterase (LE) for the diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children.

Study Design: We performed a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis of studies that examined urine NGAL as a marker of UTI in children <18 years of age. We created a standardized definition of UTI and applied it to all included children.

Frequency of Bacteremia and Urinary Tract Infection in Pediatric Renal Transplant Recipients.

Background: Our primary goal was to determine the frequency of bacteremia and urinary tract infections (UTI) in pediatric renal transplant recipients presenting with suspected infection within 2 years of transplant and to identify clinical and laboratory factors associated with bacteremia.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study for all pediatric ( < 18 years old) renal transplant recipients seen at 3 large children's hospitals from 2011 to 2018 for suspected infection within 2 years of transplant date, defined as pyrexia ( > 38°C) or a blood culture being ordered. Patients with primary immunodeficiencies, nontransplant immunosuppression, intestinal failure, and patients who had moved out of the local area were excluded.

Intranasal ketorolac versus intravenous ketorolac for treatment of migraine headaches in children: A randomized clinical trial.

Background: Intravenous ketorolac is commonly used for treating migraine headaches in children. However, the prerequisite placement of an intravenous line can be technically challenging, time-consuming, and associated with pain and distress. Intranasal ketorolac may be an effective alternative that is needle-free and easier to administer.

Upregulation of type 1 conventional dendritic cells implicates antigen cross-presentation in multisystem inflammatory syndrome.

Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is an acute, febrile, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-associated syndrome, often with cardiohemodynamic dysfunction. Insight into mechanism of disease is still incomplete.

Objective: Our objective was to analyze immunologic features of MIS-C patients compared to febrile controls (FC).

Urinary tract infections in children: Testing a novel, noninvasive, point-of-care diagnostic marker.

Objectives: Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) appears highly accurate to identify urinary tract infections (UTIs) when obtained via catheterization. Our primary aim was to determine the agreement in uNGAL levels between paired catheter and bag urine specimens. Our secondary aim was to compare the diagnostic test characteristics of quantitative uNGAL, dipstick uNGAL (a potential point-of-care test), and urinalysis (UA).

Presence and Duration of Symptoms in Febrile Infants With and Without SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

The clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infection in young infants is not well understood. In this prospective cohort study, we compared the presence and duration of symptoms in febrile infants ≤60 days with (n = 7) and without (n = 16) SARS-CoV-2 infection. Overall, we observed overlapping symptoms and duration of illness, with longer length of cough and nasal congestion among the SARS-CoV-2-positive infants.

Novel Coronavirus Infection in Febrile Infants Aged 60 Days and Younger.

In this case series, we describe the clinical course and outcomes of 7 febrile infants aged ≤60 days with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. No infant had severe outcomes, including the need for mechanical ventilation or ICU level of care. Two infants had concurrent urinary tract infections, which were treated with antibiotics.

Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin for the Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infections.

Objectives: To determine the accuracy of the novel biomarker urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) to diagnose urinary tract infections (UTIs) in febrile infants and young children.

Methods: Prospective cross-sectional study of febrile infants <3 months ( ≥ 38.0°C) and children 3 to 24 months (≥ 39.

Comparison of Febrile Infants With Enterococcal and Gram-negative Urinary Tract Infections.

Background: Few data exist on the presentations and clinical courses of infants with enterococcal urinary tract infections (UTI). The objective of this study was to compare the clinical presentation, sensitivity of urinalysis (UA) and Gram's stain, radiological abnormalities and adverse events of febrile infants with enterococcal UTIs to those with Gram-negative UTIs.

Methods: Retrospective study of febrile (≥38.

Colonic atresia and anorectal malformation in a Haitian patient: a case study of rare diseases.

Introduction: Colonic atresia and anorectal malformation are rare congenital anomalies individually. Few reports of the conditions combined in a single patient have been published in the literature. Neither colonic atresia, anorectal malformation or a combination of the disorders has previously been reported in the Haitian population.

Nuking the radiation: minimizing radiation exposure in the evaluation of pediatric blunt trauma.

Purpose Of Review: Our objective is to highlight recent literature investigating low-radiation diagnostic strategies in the evaluation of pediatric trauma.

Recent Findings: In the area of minor head injury, research has focused on implementation of validated clinical decision rules into practice to reduce unnecessary computed tomography scans. Clinical observation may also serve as an adjunct to initial assessment and a potential substitute for computed tomography imaging.

A novel mutation causing pseudohypoparathyroidism 1A with congenital hypothyroidism and osteoma cutis.

Various inactivating mutations in guanine nucleotide-binding protein, alpha-stimulating activity polypeptide1 (GNAS1) gene have been described with poor phenotype correlation. Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a (PHP1a) results from an inactivating mutation in the GNAS1 gene. Hormone resistance occurs not only to parathyroid hormone (PTH), but typically also to other hormones which signal via G protein coupled receptors including thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), gonadotropins, and growth hormone releasing hormone.