Prenatal gender-customized head circumference nomograms result in reclassification of microcephaly and macrocephaly.

Background: Local and worldwide prenatal charts for estimated fetal weight and postnatal charts for head circumference are gender specific. However, prenatal head circumference nomograms are not gender customized.

Objective: This study aimed to create gender-customized curves to assess between-gender head circumference differences and to study the clinical significance of using such gender-customized curves.

For Debate: Growth Hormone Treatment of Infants Born Small for Gestational Age should be Started at or before the First Year of Age.

Children born small for gestational age without early catch-up of somatic growth and head circumference subsequently remain short and suffer from various degrees of neurocognitive and psychological impairment. Based upon the role of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I on early brain growth and maturation, we propose that GH treatment of these infants be instituted prior to their 2nd birthday.