Pulsed dye laser and adjuvant topical therapies for the treatment of port-wine stains: A systematic review.

Objectives: The current gold standard treatment for port-wine stains (PWS) is pulsed dye laser (PDL). However, multiple treatment sessions may be necessary and complete resolution is often not achieved. Neoangiogenesis can occur soon after treatment and is thought to be a major factor contributing to treatment failure.