Evaluation of an Electronic Health Record Alert to Improve Screening and Management of Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke Factors in a High-Risk Population.

Objectives: Cardiovascular disease and stroke risk factor screening and management by primary care providers (PCPs) have a significant impact on their patients' health. The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of an electronic health record (EHR) cardiovascular disease and stroke risk alert in improving the ability of PCPs to manage risk factors among women and men aged 45 years and older.

Methods: PCPs at a tertiary care hospital were randomized.

Racial/ethnic distribution of graduates from doctorate and masters epidemiology degree programs in the United States, 2008 to 2018.

Purpose: To identify trends in racial and ethnic diversity of epidemiology graduate degree recipients in the United States between academic years 2008 and 2018.

Methods: National-level data from the National Center for Education Statistics was analyzed to assess the change in proportions of epidemiology degrees conferred to each racial/ethnic group - American Indian or Alaska Native; Asian, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander; Black or African American; Hispanic or Latino; White; and two or more races- over two time periods, Fall 2007- Spring 2012 (Period 1) and Fall 2012 - Spring 2018 (Period 2).

Results: During Period 13,837 epidemiology graduate degrees were conferred, and 6960 in Period 2.

Measuring psychosocial stress during pregnancy: a multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis across race/ethnicity among Medicaid-covered pregnant women in the United States.

Background: Differential experiences of psychosocial stress during pregnancy may contribute to racial inequities in adverse pregnancy outcomes in the US. Valid and unbiased measurement scales are needed to assess the effect of psychosocial stress on pregnancy outcomes, however, the numerous modified scales implemented to measure stress are not always validated.

Methods: The construct validity and measurement invariance of maternal stress among Medicaid-covered pregnant women ( = 1,632) were examined.

Gender differences in the association between mental health status, hypertension, and emergency department visits in the United States.

Hypertension has been found to be elevated in people with mental illness, and this comorbidity may lead to differential emergency department use by gender. Gender differences in this association were assessed using the 2016 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey ( = 20,443). A combined effect variable for mental health and hypertension was created for stratified, multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Pre-Pregnancy Intimate Partner Violence and Short Interbirth Interval: The Role of Insurance Status.

Short interbirth interval (IBI) has serious adverse health consequences, yet has an estimated prevalence of 35% in the United States. Similarly, intimate partner violence (IPV) around time of pregnancy, experienced by approximately 5% of women, is associated with increased risk of poor pregnancy outcomes. IPV might compromise women's decision-making, contributing to unintended pregnancy and short IBI.

Maternal Factors Associated with Mode of Delivery in a Population with a High Cesarean Section Rate.

We sought to identify factors associated with mode of delivery in a peri-urban Indian population with a high cesarean section rate. Poisson regression with robust error variance was applied to model factors associated with cesarean compared to vaginal delivery in a prospective, preconception pregnancy cohort study in Telangana State, India. Adjusted relative risks and 95% confidence intervals from multivariable models are presented.

Adverse infant outcomes associated with caesarean section delivery in India.

Background: Caesarean section delivery is increasing worldwide and in India, yet little is known about the effect on infants. We examined the association between caesarean delivery and adverse infant outcomes in an Indian national survey, accounting for factors related to the mode of delivery.

Methods: Inverse probability weighted logistic regression analysis of the 2015-2016 India National Family Health Survey obtained adjusted ORs (aORs) and 95% CIs.

Novel bacterial vaginosis-associated organisms mediate the relationship between vaginal douching and pelvic inflammatory disease.

Objectives: We sought to determine whether the relationship between a history of vaginal douching and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is mediated by endometrial infection with one or more novel bacterial vaginosis (BV)-associated organisms among , the BV-associated bacterium 1 (BVAB1), () and .

Methods: We first conducted log-binomial regression analyses to identify risk factors for endometrial infection in 535 adolescent and adult women with clinically suspected PID in the PID Evaluation and Clinical Health (PEACH) study. We then examined whether endometrial infection by the BV-associated organisms mediated the association between a history of vaginal douching and histologically confirmed PID using inverse probability weighted marginal structural models.

Mode of delivery and short-term infant health outcomes: a prospective cohort study in a peri-urban Indian population.

Background: Previous studies have found a relationship between cesarean section delivery and adverse outcomes in the offspring, partially attributing these findings to differential development of immunity in infants delivered by cesarean compared to vaginal delivery. The purpose of this study is to determine whether cesarean section delivery is associated with higher reports of adverse short-term infant health outcomes in a peri-urban Indian population.

Methods: Data from a prospective pregnancy cohort study in a peri-urban region of Telangana State, India, were analyzed to assess the association between mode of delivery, cesarean section or vaginal, and maternal report of recent infant diarrhea and/or respiratory symptoms at a 6 month follow-up visit.