Bio-organic fertilizer production from industrial waste and insightful analysis on release kinetics.

The present study has been designed to utilize industrial and agricultural solid waste for NPK (Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium) bio-organic fertilizer production and its optimized use. The collagenic material of wet blue leather (WBL) from leather industry was used as nitrogen source, after HPO acid-mediated chromium removal. Chicken meat-bone meal (CMBM) and rice husk ash (RHA) are abundantly available locally, had used as P, K, and Ca sources.

Chitosan based micro and nano-particulate delivery systems for bacterial prodigiosin: Optimization and toxicity in animal model system.

Prodigiosin, a red bacterial pigment is a compound with promising therapeutic properties. Major hindrance in applying prodigiosin in pharmaceutics is the insolubility in water and lack of bioavailability. This study aims to optimize two different types of chitosan based delivery systems, microspheres and nanoparticles for prodigiosin derived from Serratia marcescens NITDPER1 through Taguchi method and determine toxicity perspectives.

Comparative performance evaluation of chitosan based polymeric microspheres and nanoparticles as delivery system for bacterial β-carotene derived from Planococcus sp. TRC1.

β-carotene is a natural compound with immense healthcare benefits. To overcome insolubility and lack of stability which restricts its application, in this study, β-carotene from Planococcus sp. TRC1 was entrapped into formulations of chitosan‑sodium alginate microspheres (MF1, MF2 and MF3) and chitosan nanoparticles (NF1, NF2 and NF3).

Transforming wet blue leather and potato peel into an eco-friendly bio-organic NPK fertilizer for intensifying crop productivity and retrieving value-added recyclable chromium salts.

An attempt has been made to address two important issues, the solid waste management of leather industry and soil fertility. The SEM images revealed altered surface-morphology.The EDS elemental analysis exhibited presence of about 13.

Mechanistic insight for DBP induced growth inhibition in Vigna radiata via oxidative stress and DNA damage.

Chlorination is important to the safeness of recouped water; though it shows concern about disinfection by-products (DBPs) formation and its toxic effects. DBPs generation mostly specified by category of disinfectant utilized and naturally occurring organic matter present in the water pre and post disinfection. Plants are exposed to diverse stresses of environment across their lifespan.

Biodegradation of alkali lignin by Bacillus flexus RMWW II: analyzing performance for abatement of rice mill wastewater.

A potential bacterium Bacillus flexus RMWW II has been isolated from rice mill effluent, and examined for its decolorizing potential for lignin-mimicking dyes. The biodegradation of alkali lignin by the rod-shaped, Gram-positive, oxidase and catalase-positive Bacillus flexus RMWW II bacteria is due to its uptake of lignin as the sole carbon source. The lignin degradation was 100% at a lignin concentration of 50 mg L but the degradation reduced to 20% at 400 mg L.

Efficacy of spent tea waste as chemically impregnated adsorbent involving ortho-phosphoric and sulphuric acid for abatement of aqueous phenol-isotherm, kinetics and artificial neural network modelling.

The current study emphasises on sorptive expulsion of phenol from aqueous solution using ortho-phosphoric acid (STAC-O) and sulphuric acid (STAC-H)-activated biochar derived from spent tea waste. STAC-O and STAC-H were instrumentally anatomised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET surface area and thermal gravimetric analyser. Equilibrium and kinetic data were implemented for the investigative parametric batch study to prospect the influence of adsorbent dosage, contact time, initial concentration and pH for eradication of phenol from aqueous solution.

Cetylpyridinium bromide assisted micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration for treating enrofloxacin-laden water.

The presence of a fluoroquinolone base veterinary antibacterial drug enrofloxacin in aqueous media poses a major threat due to its ecotoxicity on aquatic microbiota. Hence, for the first time, an attempt was made to remove enrofloxacin (ENX) from its aqueous solution by employing micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) where cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB), a cationic surfactant was used for micellization. Response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD) approach was applied to design the experiment, and to optimize the process parameters, namely, ENX concentration (3-15 mg/L), transmembrane pressure (2-6 kg/cm), recirculation flow rate (5.

Commercial application of cellulose nano-composites - A review.

Cellulose is the biosynthetic product from plants, animals and bacteria. Cellulose is the most abundant polymer having long linear chain like structure composed of (1,4) linked β-D glucopyranosyl units assembled into hierarchical structures of microfibrils with excellent strength and stiffness. And 'nanocellulose' refers to the cellulosic materials with defined nano-scale structural dimensions.

Comprehensive analysis on sorptive uptake of enrofloxacin by activated carbon derived from industrial paper sludge.

The current investigation deals with how chemically activated carbon derived from industrial paper sludge (ACPS) performs on sorptive removal of enrofloxacin (ENF), an antibacterial drug from its water solution. Thermogravimetric (TGA) and proximate analysis of raw paper sludge (RPS) were conducted. ACPS was characterized with proximate analysis, XRD, FT-IR, SEM and BET.

Environmental risk appraisement of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in plant model system: Allium cepa.

The organic toxicants formed in chlorinated water cause potential harm to human beings, and it is extensively concentrated all over the world. Various disinfection by-products (DBPs) occur in chlorinated water are genotoxic and carcinogenic. The toxicity is major concern for chlorinated DBPs which has been present more in potable water.

Interlining Cr(VI) remediation mechanism by a novel bacterium Pseudomonas brenneri isolated from coalmine wastewater.

A bioremedial approach was investigated on the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution using a novel chromium reducing bacteria isolated from coalmine wastewater. Cr(VI) removal efficacy of the bacterium was determined in a series of batch studies under the influence of various parameters viz., pH (1-7), temperature (20-40 °C), initial metal concentration (1-150 mg/L), agitation speed (80-150 rpm) and substrate concentration (1-5 mg/L).

Economic and sustainable management of wastes from rice industry: combating the potential threats.

Rice is one of the imperative staple foods, particularly in the developing countries. The exponential boom in human population has resulted in the continuous expansion in the rice industry in order to meet the food demands. The various stages of paddy processing release huge quantity of solid wastes, mainly rice husk, rice husk ash and liquid wastes in the form of rice industry wastewater.

Optimization of Fe Removal from Coal Mine Wastewater using Activated Biochar of .

  The present study investigates the sorptive removal of Fe2+ from simulated coal mine waste water using steam activated biochar (SABC) developed from the roots of Colocasia esculenta. The process was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) under the influence of pH, temperature, adsorbent dosage and contact time at a constant shaking speed of 180 rpm with an initial concentration of 3 mg/L. The uptake performance of the biosorbent was assessed following a 24 full factorial experimental matrix developed by central composite design approach.

Insight into Cr reduction efficiency of Rhodococcus erythropolis isolated from coalmine waste water.

A microbial treatment of Cr contaminated wastewater with a chromium reducing bacteria isolated from coal mine area was investigated. In a series of batch study metal removal was executed under different parametric conditions which include pH (2-7), temperature (20-50 °C), initial Cr concentration (1-100 mg/L), substrate utilization and its overall effect on biomass generation. Impact of oxygen availability was checked at different agitation speed and its role on the remedial process.

Unleashing the potential of ligninolytic bacterial contributions towards pulp and paper industry: key challenges and new insights.

Lignocellulose biomass predominantly constitutes the main feedstock for pulp and paper industry. Though some products of pulp and paper industry require the presence of lignin content, for most of the useful products formation lies in the efficient and selective removal of lignin component to make use of the intact cellulose fraction during the pretreatment of pulp. Lignin is a recalcitrant heteropolymer comprised of several complex stable bonds and linkages.

Current techniques in rice mill effluent treatment: Emerging opportunities for waste reuse and waste-to-energy conversion.

Rice mills release huge volumes of wastewater and other by-products when processing paddy rice. The wastewater often contains toxic inorganic and organic contaminants which cause environmental damage when released. Accordingly, cost-effective techniques for removing contaminants are needed.

Biosorptive uptake of Fe(2+), Cu(2+) and As(5+) by activated biochar derived from Colocasia esculenta: Isotherm, kinetics, thermodynamics, and cost estimation.

The adsorptive capability of superheated steam activated biochar (SSAB) produced from Colocasia esculenta was investigated for removal of Cu(2+), Fe(2+) and As(5+) from simulated coal mine wastewater. SSAB was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analyser. Adsorption isotherm indicated monolayer adsorption which fitted best in Langmuir isotherm model.

Designing polymeric microparticulate drug delivery system for hydrophobic drug quercetin.

The aim of this study was to investigate pharmaceutical potentialities of a polymeric microparticulate drug delivery system for modulating the drug profile of poorly water-soluble quercetin. In this research work two cost effective polymers sodium alginate and chitosan were used for entrapping the model drug quercetin through ionic cross linking method. In vitro drug release, swelling index, drug entrapment efficiency, Fourier Transforms Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Differential Scanning Calorimetric (DSC) studies were also done for physicochemical characterization of the formulations.

Reactive red 120 retention through ultrafiltration enhanced by synthetic and natural polyelectrolytes.

Two cationic chelating polymers, namely synthetic polyethylenimine (PEI), and biopolymer chitosan were employed in the present study to bring about the retention of anionic reactive red 120 (RR 120) from its aqueous solutions by way of polymer enhanced ultrafiltration (PEUF). The effects of process parameters, namely, cross-flow rate, transmembrane pressure, time, polyelectrolyte loading, and ionic strength on dye retention and permeation flux were examined. PEI enhanced ultrafiltration achieved dye retentions as high as 99.

Effect of pH and temperature on stability and kinetics of novel extracellular serine alkaline protease (70 kDa).

A novel extracellular serine protease (70 kDa by SDS-PAGE) was purified and characterized. This enzyme retained more than 93% of its initial activity after preincubation for 30 min at 37 °C in the presence of 25% (v/v) tested organic solvents and showed feather degradation activity. The purified enzyme was deactivated at various combinations of pH and temperature to examine the interactive effect of them on enzyme activity.

Treatment of leather industry wastewater by aerobic biological and Fenton oxidation process.

Degradation of leather industry wastewater by sole aerobic treatment incorporating Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, Fenton's reagents, and combined treatment was investigated in this study. The sole treatment by Fenton's oxidation involving the introduction of 6g FeSO(4) and 266 g H(2)O(2) in a liter of wastewater at pH of 3.5 and 30 degrees C for 30 min at batch conditions reduced COD, BOD(5), sulfide, total chromium and color up to 69%, 72%, 88%, 5%, 100% and T.