Construction of Local Field Potential Microelectrodes for in vivo Recordings from Multiple Brain Structures Simultaneously.

Researchers often need to record local field potentials (LFPs) simultaneously from several brain structures. Recording from multiple desired brain regions requires different microelectrode designs, but commercially available microelectrode arrays often do not offer such flexibility. Here, the present protocol outlines the straightforward design of custom-made microelectrode arrays to record LFPs from multiple brain structures simultaneously at different depths.

Distinct Roles of Rodent Thalamus and Corpus Callosum in Seizure Generalization.

Objective: Bilateral synchronous cortical activity occurs during sleep, attention, and seizures. Canonical models place the thalamus at the center of bilateral cortical synchronization because it generates bilateral sleep spindle oscillations and primarily generalized absence seizures. However, classical studies suggest that the corpus callosum mediates bilateral cortical synchronization.

Efficient Learning of Transform-Domain LMS Filter Using Graph Laplacian.

Transform-domain least mean squares (TDLMS) adaptive filters encompass the class of learning algorithms where the input data are subjected to a data-independent unitary transform followed by a power normalization stage as preprocessing steps. Because conventional transformations are not data-dependent, this preconditioning procedure was shown theoretically to improve the convergence of the least mean squares (LMS) filter only for certain classes of input data. So, one can tailor the transformation to the class of data.

Neuronal circuits sustaining neocortical-injury-induced status epilepticus.

Objectives: Acute injuries or insults to the cortex, such as trauma, subarachnoid hemorrhage, lobar hemorrhage, can cause seizures or status epilepticus(SE). Neocortical SE is associated with coma, worse prognosis, delayed recovery, and the development of epilepsy. The anatomical structures progressively recruited during neocortical-onset status epilepticus (SE) is unknown.

Limbic progesterone receptor activity enhances neuronal excitability and seizures.

Objective: Emerging evidence raises the possibility that progesterone receptor (PR) signaling may contribute to the reproductive hormone fluctuation-linked seizure precipitation, called catamenial epilepsy. Therefore, we studied PR isoform expression in limbic regions involved in temporal lobe epilepsy and the effect of PR activation on neuronal activity and seizures.

Methods: We evaluated PR expression in the limbic regions, entorhinal cortex (EC), hippocampus, and amygdala in female rats using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).

Difluoroboron β-diketonate polylactic acid oxygen nanosensors for intracellular neuronal imaging.

Critical for metabolism, oxygen plays an essential role in maintaining the structure and function of neurons. Oxygen sensing is important in common neurological disorders such as strokes, seizures, or neonatal hypoxic-ischemic injuries, which result from an imbalance between metabolic demand and oxygen supply. Phosphorescence quenching by oxygen provides a non-invasive optical method to measure oxygen levels within cells and tissues.

NeuroPath2Path: Classification and elastic morphing between neuronal arbors using path-wise similarity.

Neuron shape and connectivity affect function. Modern imaging methods have proven successful at extracting morphological information. One potential path to achieve analysis of this morphology is through graph theory.