Adaptive radiation of the genus in the Bonin Islands revealed through double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing analysis.

The Bonin Islands, comprised of the Mukojima, Chichijima, and Hahajima Islands, are known for their isolated and distinctive habitats, hosting a diverse array of endemic flora and fauna. In these islands, adaptive radiation has played a remarkable role in speciation, particularly evident in the genus that is represented by three species: and exclusive to the Chichijima Islands, and , distributed across the entire Bonin Islands. Notably, exhibits multiple ecotypes, differing in leaf hair density, flowering time, and tree size.

Ecotype variation in the endemic tree Callicarpa subpubescens on small oceanic islands: genetic, phenotypic, and environmental insights.

Callicarpa subpubescens, endemic to the Ogasawara Islands, is suggested to have multiple ecotypes in the Hahajima Islands, specifically in the central part of the Ogasawara Islands. In this study, associations between genetic groups and spatial distribution, habitat, leaf morphology, size structure, and flowering time of each genetic group were investigated on Hahajima and the satellite Imoutojima Islands. Genetic groups were identified using EST-SSR markers, revealing four ecotypes named based on morphological features: Dwarf (D), Glabrescent (G), Tall (T), and Middle (M), with M being a result of the hybridization of G and T.

Phylogenetic, population structure, and population demographic analyses reveal that Vicia sepium in Japan is native and not introduced.

Vicia sepium (bush vetch) is a perennial legume widely distributed throughout the Eurasian continent. However, its distribution in Japan is limited to Mt. Ibuki and small parts of central and southern Hokkaido.

Genetic differentiation and evolution of broad-leaved evergreen shrub and tree varieties of Daphniphyllum macropodum (Daphniphyllaceae).

Tree form evolution is an important ecological specialization for woody species, but its evolutionary process with adaptation is poorly understood, especially on the microevolutionary scale. Daphniphyllum macropodum comprises two varieties: a tree variety growing in a warm temperate climate with light snowfall and a shrub variety growing in a cool temperate climate with heavy snowfall in Japan. Chloroplast DNA variations and genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms across D.

The genetic structure and demographic history of , endemic to Korean limestone karst forests, based on genome-wide SNP markers.

Similar to the global phenomenon, many plant species endemic to Korean limestone karst forests are at risk of extinction due to human intervention. is a familiar shrub, called "Hardy abelia" and "Fragrant abelia" growing in the karst forests of Korea, where it is one of the most threatened species. We investigated the genetic structure and demographic history of , which allow us to develop appropriate conservation and management strategies.

The evolutionary history of rice azaleas (Rhododendron tschonoskii alliance) involved niche evolution to a montane environment.

Premise: The formation of isolated montane geography on islands promotes evolution, speciation, and then radiation if there are ecological changes. Thus, investigating evolutionary histories of montane species and associated ecological changes may help efforts to understand how endemism formed in islands' montane floras. To explore this process, we investigated the evolutionary history of the Rhododendron tschonoskii alliance, which grows in montane environments of the Japanese archipelago and the Korean Peninsula.

Genetic and demographic signatures accompanying the evolution of the selfing syndrome in Daphne kiusiana, an evergreen shrub.

Background And Aims: The evolution of mating systems from outcrossing to self-fertilization is a common transition in flowering plants. This shift is often associated with the 'selfing syndrome', which is characterized by less visible flowers with functional changes to control outcrossing. In most cases, the evolutionary history and demographic dynamics underlying the evolution of the selfing syndrome remain poorly understood.

Epidural abscess and spondylitis caused by in a man on hemodialysis.

species rarely cause serious infections, but the incidence of infection has been increasing among immunocompromised individuals. This case of an epidural abscess and spondylitis caused by in a hemodialysis patient illustrates the importance of performing anaerobic blood culture in immunocompromised patients with signs of infection.

Comparative Mitogenomic Analysis Reveals Gene and Intron Dynamics in Rubiaceae and Intra-Specific Diversification in .

The dynamic evolution of mitochondrial gene and intron content has been reported across the angiosperms. However, a reference mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) is not available in Rubiaceae. The phylogenetic utility of mitogenome data at a species level is rarely assessed.

Metachronous Sporadic Desmoid Tumors Arisen in the Stomach and the Cecum.

Desmoid-type fibromatosis (DF) is a rare soft-tissue tumor demonstrating fibroblastic to myofibroblastic differentiation, recognized as a biologically intermediate, locally aggressive tumor; however, it can be clinically lethal due to its infiltrative growth and risk of locoregional recurrence. Desmoid-type fibromatoses can arise from any part of the body, however, intra-abdominal DFs comprise only 8% of all DFs. We report a case of a male in his 60s who presented with the metachronous occurrence of DF: gastric DF followed by cecal DF with two years of clinical interval.

Comparison of species, virulence genes and clones of Aeromonas isolates from clinical specimens and well water in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan.

Aims: To reveal the sources of Aeromonas infection in Okinawa Prefecture of Japan, the species, virulence genes and clones of strains isolated from clinical specimens and well water were compared.

Methods And Results: The properties of both isolates were investigated by sequencing of rpoD, detection of 10 virulence genes using PCR and genotyping with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. In all, 68 clinical and 146 well water strains of Aeromonas were isolated and the main species were A.

Complement-5 Inhibition Deters Progression of Fulminant Hepatitis to Acute Liver Failure in Murine Models.

Background & Aims: Acute liver failure (ALF) is a life-threatening condition with limited treatment alternatives. ALF pathogenesis seemingly involves the complement system. However, no complement-targeted intervention has been clinically applied.

Primary pancreatic glomus tumor invading into the superior mesenteric vein: a case report.

Background: Glomus tumors are subcutaneous tumors arising from glomus bodies, thermoregulatory components of the skin. These tumors could occur in visceral organs where glomus bodies are not normally present. Herein, we report a case of primary pancreatic glomus tumor with aggressive direct invasion into the superior mesenteric vein (SMV).

Complement 5 Inhibition Ameliorates Hepatic Ischemia/reperfusion Injury in Mice, Dominantly via the C5a-mediated Cascade.

Background: Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is a serious complication in liver surgeries, including transplantation. Complement activation seems to be closely involved in hepatic IRI; however, no complement-targeted intervention has been clinically applied. We investigated the therapeutic potential of Complement 5 (C5)-targeted regulation in hepatic IRI.

[A Case Report of a Difficult to Diagnose, Extremely Well-Differentiated Stomach Adenocarcinoma Diagnosed by Biopsy].

A Japanese man in his 60s presented with complaints of epigastric pain and weight loss. A gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed multiple gastric ulcers and an irregular mound located on the wall of the lower gastric body along the greater curvature, which was suspected to be cancerous. A biopsy revealed that it was a Group 2 tumor even though the biopsy was repeated 4 times.

Correction to: Population genetic structure and demography of Magnolia kobus: variety borealis is not supported genetically.

The original article was updated.

Genetic diversity, structure, and demography of Pandanus boninensis (Pandanaceae) with sea drifted seeds, endemic to the Ogasawara Islands of Japan: Comparison between young and old islands.

Pandanus boninensis, endemic to the Ogasawara Islands, Japan, is distributed on both the older Bonin and younger Volcano Islands. In this study, we conducted population genetic analyses of P. boninensis on these islands to examine the population diversity and structure across old and young islands, to assess potential differences in population demography with island age, and to collect any evidence of migration between old and young islands.

Prognostic index consisting of early post-transplant variables <2 weeks in adult living-donor liver transplantation.

Aim: Six-month recipient mortality after adult-to-adult living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) remains high. Early and accurate prediction of recipient outcome and continuous monitoring of recipient severity after surgery are both essential for guiding appropriate care. This study was designed to identify early post-transplant parameters associated with 6-month mortality, and thereby to construct a discriminatory prognostic index (PI).

Pre-quaternary diversification and glacial demographic expansions of Cardiocrinum (Liliaceae) in temperate forest biomes of Sino-Japanese Floristic Region.

The Sino-Japanese Floristic Region (SJFR) in East Asia is one of the most diverse temperate floras in the world. However, the relative influence of Neogene palaeogeographical changes and Quaternary climatic fluctuations as causal mechanisms on species diversification remains largely controversial, because most divergence time estimates were inferred from single-locus data and have limited geographic or taxonomic sampling. To evaluate these influences, we use SNP markers from restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-Seq) loci and expressed sequence tags-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers to investigate the levels of genetic variation, speciation and demographic history of the temperate-deciduous forest (TDF) endemic Cardiocrinum (Endlicher) Lindley (Liliaceae), a genus comprising three species in China (C.

Population genetic structure and demography of Magnolia kobus: variety borealis is not supported genetically.

Species delimitations by morphological and by genetic markers are not always congruent. Magnolia kobus consists of two morphologically different varieties, kobus and borealis. The latter variety is characterized by larger leaves than the former.

Human Atrial Natriuretic Peptide in Cold Storage of Donation After Circulatory Death Rat Livers: An Old but New Agent for Protecting Vascular Endothelia?

Background: Current critical shortage of donor organs has increased the use of donation after circulatory death (DCD) livers for transplantation, despite higher risk for primary nonfunction or ischemic cholangiopathy. Human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP) is a cardiovascular hormone that possesses protective action to vascular endothelia. We aimed to clarify the therapeutic potential of hANP in cold storage of DCD livers.

Approximate Bayesian computation analysis of EST-associated microsatellites indicates that the broadleaved evergreen tree Castanopsis sieboldii survived the Last Glacial Maximum in multiple refugia in Japan.

Climatic changes have played major roles in plants' evolutionary history. Glacial oscillations have been particularly important, but some of their effects on plants' populations are poorly understood, including the numbers and locations of refugia in Asian warm temperate zones. In the present study, we investigated the demographic history of the broadleaved evergreen tree species Castanopsis sieboldii (Fagaceae) during the last glacial period in Japan.