Functional attributes of the anterior mesendoderm in patterning the anterior neural structures during head formation in the mouse.

Induction of the neural ectoderm and the patterning of embryonic brain are the requisite organizing activity for head formation. Studies of loss-of-function mouse mutants that displayed a head truncation phenotype pointed to a key functional role of the anterior mesendoderm in anterior neural patterning. In this overview, we highlight the learning of the molecular attributes underpinning the formation of the anterior mesendoderm, the acquisition of ectoderm competence in the epiblast and the patterning of the embryonic brain during gastrulation and neurulation.

Genetics of biliary atresia: Approaches, pathological insights and challenges.

Biliary atresia (BA) is a severe neonatal cholestatic disorder marked by fibro-obliteration of the extrahepatic and intrahepatic bile ducts. It is the most common cause of pediatric end-stage liver disease and the leading indication for liver transplantation in children. There is significant heterogeneity in the etiology, involving various genetic and environmental factors such as viral infection, immune dysregulation and genetic predisposition to defective hepatobiliary development.

Perspective: Multi-omics and Artificial Intelligence for Personalized Nutritional Management of Diabetes in Patients Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis.

Managing diabetes in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) is challenging due to the combined effects of dietary glucose, glucose from dialysate, and other medical complications. Advances in technology that enable continuous biological data collection are transforming traditional management approaches. This review explores how multi-omics technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) are enhancing glucose management in this patient population.

Overground robotic exoskeleton vs conventional therapy in inpatient stroke rehabilitation: results from a pragmatic, multicentre implementation programme.

Background: Despite the reported efficacy of overground robotic exoskeleton (ORE) for rehabilitation of mobility post-stroke, its effectiveness in real-world practice is still debated. We analysed prospectively collected data from Improving Mobility Via Exoskeleton (IMOVE), a multicentre clinical implementation programme of ORE enrolling participants with various neurological conditions and were given options to choose between 12 sessions of ORE or conventional therapy (control).

Methods: This is analysis of participants under IMOVE who fulfilled the following criteria (i) primary diagnosis was stroke (ischemic, hemorrhagic; first or recurrent), (ii) onset of stroke was within 9 months and (iii) the intervention was during inpatient stay.

Corner Charge Fluctuation as an Observable for Quantum Geometry and Entanglement in Two-Dimensional Insulators.

Measuring bipartite fluctuations of a conserved charge, such as the particle number, is a powerful approach to understanding quantum systems. When the measured region has sharp corners, the bipartite fluctuation receives an additional contribution known to exhibit a universal angle dependence in 2D isotropic and uniform systems. Here we establish that, for generic lattice systems of interacting particles, the corner charge fluctuation is directly related to quantum geometry.

Prevalence and Outcomes of Orthostatic Hypotension in Hemorrhagic Stroke Patients During Hospitalization.

Background/objectives: Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is highly prevalent in hospitalized patients and can lead to major consequences. The prevalence of OH among patients with stroke has also been reported to be high in in-patient cohorts. However, no previous analysis has focused exclusively on patients with hemorrhagic stroke, a group that may have a different disease profile, including a greater need for blood pressure control and surgical intervention.

Dysregulated Activation of Hippo-YAP1 Signaling Induces Oxidative Stress and Aberrant Development of Intrahepatic Biliary Cells in Biliary Atresia.

The canonical Hippo-YAP1 signaling pathway is crucial for liver development and regeneration, but its role in repair and regeneration of intrahepatic bile duct in biliary atresia (BA) remains largely unknown. YAP1 expression in the liver tissues of patients with BA and Rhesus rotavirus-induced experimental BA mouse models were examined using quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR and double immunofluorescence. Mouse EpCAM-expressing cell-derived liver organoids were generated and treated with Hippo-YAP1 pathway activators (Xmu-mp-1 and TRULI) or an inhibitor (Peptide17).

Abnormally activated wingless/integrated signaling modulates tumor-associated macrophage polarization and potentially promotes hepatocarcinoma cell growth.

In this article, we comment on the article by Huang . The urgent development of new therapeutic strategies targeting macrophage polarization is critical in the fight against liver cancer. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), primarily of the M2 subtype, are instrumental in cellular communication within the tumor microenvironment and are influenced by various signaling pathways, including the wingless/integrated (Wnt) pathway.

Coprecipitation of Ce(III) oxide with UO.

The neutralization of acidic solutions containing U (IV) and Ce (III) at room temperature in glove box atmosphere and in the presence of dithionite results in coprecipitation of these elements as amorphous solid solutions CeUO. The solubilities of the precipitates with different mole fractions (x) of Ce(OH) (x = 0.01 or 0.

Associations of genetic variants for refractive error and axial length in adults with ocular endophenotypes in children: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study.

Aims: To investigate the associations of genetic variants previously linked to axial length (AL) and spherical equivalent refraction (SE) in adults with refractive error and related endophenotypes in children, at baseline and 3-year follow-up.

Methods: 15 candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), selected from previous Genome-Wide Association Studies and meta-analyses, were genotyped in 2819 Chinese children, who had undergone baseline and 3-year follow-up cycloplegic refraction, ocular biometry and ocular health examinations. Linear regression analyses were conducted to assess the associations of the SNPs with baseline measurements and longitudinal changes in SE, spherical power (SPH), AL, corneal radius of curvature (CR) and AL/CR ratio.

Constraints on Ultraheavy Dark Matter Properties from Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies with LHAASO Observations.

In this Letter we try to search for signals generated by ultraheavy dark matter at the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) data. We look for possible γ rays by dark matter annihilation or decay from 16 dwarf spheroidal galaxies in the field of view of the LHAASO. Dwarf spheroidal galaxies are among the most promising targets for indirect detection of dark matter that have low fluxes of astrophysical γ-ray background while having large amount of dark matter.

Facilitating Corticomotor Excitability of the Contralesional Hemisphere Using Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation to Improve Upper Limb Motor Recovery from Stroke-A Scoping Review.

Upper limb weakness following stroke poses a significant global psychosocial and economic burden. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) is a potential adjunctive treatment in rehabilitation. However, traditional approaches to rebalance interhemispheric inhibition may not be effective for all patients.

Animal and organoid models to elucidate the anti-fibrotic effect of steroid on biliary atresia.

Purpose: We performed animal and organoid study to evaluate the anti-fibrotic effect of steroid on biliary atresia (BA) and the underlying patho-mechanism.

Methods: BA animal models were created by inoculation of mice on post-natal day 1 with rhesus rotavirus (RRV). They received either 20 µl phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or steroid from day 21 to day 34.

Ethnic and seasonal variations in FGF-23 and markers of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder.

Background: Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) and other markers of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) provide valuable insights into disease processes, treatment options and patient prognosis. However, limited research has explored potential associations with ethnicity or season, particularly in multi-ethnic populations residing in high-latitude regions.

Methods: We evaluated CKD-BMD markers in a diverse cohort of CKD patients, who were participants of The CANADIAN AIM to PREVENT (the CAN AIM to PREVENT) study.

Donor-derived Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma infections in lung transplant recipients: A prospective study of donor and recipient respiratory tract screening and recipient outcomes.

Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma species are urogenital mollicutes that can cause serious donor-derived infections in lung transplant recipients. Best practices for mollicute screening remain unknown. We conducted a single-center prospective study analyzing lung transplants performed from October 5, 2020, to September 25, 2021, whereby donor and recipient bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples obtained at time of transplant underwent mollicute screening via culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Trans-omic profiling uncovers molecular controls of early human cerebral organoid formation.

Defining the molecular networks orchestrating human brain formation is crucial for understanding neurodevelopment and neurological disorders. Challenges in acquiring early brain tissue have incentivized the use of three-dimensional human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived neural organoids to recapitulate neurodevelopment. To elucidate the molecular programs that drive this highly dynamic process, here, we generate a comprehensive trans-omic map of the phosphoproteome, proteome, and transcriptome of the exit of pluripotency and neural differentiation toward human cerebral organoids (hCOs).