Passively sensing smartphone use in teens with rates of use by sex and across operating systems.

Youth screen media activity is a growing concern, though few studies include objective usage data. Through the longitudinal, U.S.

Multi-dimensional predictors of first drinking initiation and regular drinking onset in adolescence: A prospective longitudinal study.

Early adolescent drinking onset is linked to myriad negative consequences. Using the National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) baseline to year 8 data, this study (1) leveraged best subsets selection and Cox Proportional Hazards regressions to identify the most robust predictors of adolescent first and regular drinking onset, and (2) examined the clinical utility of drinking onset in forecasting later binge drinking and withdrawal effects. Baseline predictors included youth psychodevelopmental characteristics, cognition, brain structure, family, peer, and neighborhood domains.

Commercial Cannabidiol for Community-Based Young Adolescents: Predicting Medicinal Use.

Cannabidiol (CBD) is rising in popularity, including as a potential medicinal product. Yet data on use of commercial CBD for medicinal or health reasons in adolescents are lacking. In this study we aim to detail characteristics of adolescents given commercial CBD for health reasons (health CBD [hCBD]) and to investigate predictors of use.

Are Pain Screening and Functional Assessment Results Associated with New Diagnoses and Treatment for Pain in Primary Care? An Observational Study.

Purpose: To determine if pain screening and functional assessment results are associated with new diagnoses and treatment for pain in primary care.

Patients And Methods: Observational study at 13 primary care sites of a statewide federally qualified health center that implemented routine screening and functional assessment for all adults in primary care. The study group included 10,091 adults aged 18+ who had an in-person visit between July 2, 2018, and June 1, 2019, where they screened positive for chronic pain and completed a 3-question functional assessment with the PEG (Pain, Enjoyment of Life, General Activity).

Evaluation of a Chronic Pain Screening Program Implemented in Primary Care.

Importance: Although pain is among the most common symptoms reported by patients, primary care practitioners (PCPs) face substantial challenges identifying and assessing pain.

Objective: To evaluate a 2-step process for chronic pain screening and follow-up in primary care.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A cross-sectional study of patients with a primary care visit between July 2, 2018, and June 1, 2019, was conducted at a statewide, multisite federally qualified health center.

Substance use initiation and the prediction of subsequent academic achievement.

Academic performance significantly influences educational advancement, career opportunities, and life outcomes. The extent to which adolescent substance use and brain morphology predict academic achievement has not been extensively explored. We examined grade point average (GPA) at the time alcohol and cannabis use often starts (7th - 9th grade) and subsequently during 11th and 12th grade in a 170 physically healthy adolescents in a longitudinal study.

Neuropsychological Trajectories Associated with Adolescent Alcohol and Cannabis Use: A Prospective 14-Year Study.

Objectives: Alcohol and cannabis remain the substances most widely used by adolescents. Better understanding of the dynamic relationship between trajectories of substance use in relation to neuropsychological functioning is needed. The aim of this study was to examine the different impacts of within- and between-person changes in alcohol and cannabis use on neuropsychological functioning over multiple time points.

Improvement in women's cardiovascular functioning during cognitive-behavioral therapy for alcohol use disorder.

The cardiovascular system is disrupted by chronic excessive alcohol use and often impaired in individuals with an alcohol use disorder (AUD). Less is known about cardiovascular recovery when an individual receives treatment for AUD. This observational study aimed to extend the growing body of evidence for cardiovascular biomarkers and intervention targets in the treatment of AUD.

Early adolescent brain markers of late adolescent academic functioning.

Academic performance in adolescence strongly influences adult prospects. Intelligence quotient (IQ) has historically been considered a strong predictor of academic performance. Less objectively explored have been morphometric features.

Earlier alcohol use onset prospectively predicts changes in functional connectivity.

Background: Half of all new alcohol initiates are between 12 and 17 years old. This is a period of intense neurodevelopment, including changes in functional connectivity patterns among higher-order function areas. It is crucial to understand how alcohol-related neurotoxicity may be influenced by drinking onset age.

Earlier Alcohol Use Onset Predicts Poorer Neuropsychological Functioning in Young Adults.

Background: Neurodevelopment may be shaped by environmental factors such as alcohol intake. Over 20% of U.S.

Prospective changes in neural alcohol cue reactivity in at-risk adolescents.

Adolescence represents an ideal time for elucidating the etiology of cue reactivity profiles. This study examined the influence of three risk factors consistently associated with heavy adolescent drinking on alcohol cue reactivity. Youth were first assessed while still naïve to alcohol (12-14 years old) and followed after transitioning into alcohol use (17-21 years old).

Effects of sleep on substance use in adolescents: a longitudinal perspective.

Substance use (SU) and sleep problems appear interrelated, but few studies have examined the influence of adolescent sleep patterns on development of SU disorders. This study prospectively examined the influence of sleep habits on subsequent SU in youth who later transitioned into heavy drinking. At time 1 (T1), participants (n = 95) were substance-naive 12- to 14-year-olds.

Neural predictors of alcohol use and psychopathology symptoms in adolescents.

Adolescence is a period marked by increases in risk taking, sensation seeking, and emotion dysregulation. Neurobiological models of adolescent development propose that lagging development in brain regions associated with affect and behavior control compared to regions associated with reward and emotion processing may underlie these behavioral manifestations. Cross-sectional studies have identified several functional brain networks that may contribute to risk for substance use and psychopathology in adolescents.

Neural Predictors of Initiating Alcohol Use During Adolescence.

Objective: Underage drinking is widely recognized as a leading public health and social problem for adolescents in the United States. Being able to identify at-risk adolescents before they initiate heavy alcohol use could have important clinical and public health implications; however, few investigations have explored individual-level precursors of adolescent substance use. This prospective investigation used machine learning with demographic, neurocognitive, and neuroimaging data in substance-naive adolescents to identify predictors of alcohol use initiation by age 18.

Learning and Memory in Adolescent Moderate, Binge, and Extreme-Binge Drinkers.

Background: Binge drinking has been linked to neurocognitive disadvantages in youth, but it is unclear whether drinking at particularly heavy levels uniquely affects neurocognitive performance. This study prospectively examined (1) whether initiating moderate, binge, or extreme-binge drinking in adolescence differentially influences subsequent learning and memory performances, and (2) whether dosage of alcohol consumption is linearly associated with changes in learning and memory over 6 years of adolescence.

Methods: Participants, who later transitioned into drinking, were administered verbal learning and memory (VLM) assessments at project intake prior to the onset of substance use (age 12 to 16 years), and at follow-up approximately 6 years later (N = 112).

Drinkers' memory bias for alcohol picture cues in explicit and implicit memory tasks.

Background: Alcohol cues can bias attention and elicit emotional reactions, especially in drinkers. Yet, little is known about how alcohol cues affect explicit and implicit memory processes, and how memory for alcohol cues is affected by acute alcohol intoxication.

Methods: Young adult participants (N=161) were randomly assigned to alcohol, placebo, or control beverage conditions.

Effects of Emerging Alcohol and Marijuana Use Behaviors on Adolescents' Neuropsychological Functioning Over Four Years.

Objective: Adolescence is a period of neuromaturation concomitant with increased substance involvement. Most substance use studies of adolescents have focused on categorical classifications (e.g.

The effects of sighing on the cardiovascular system.

Elicitation of high-amplitude oscillations in the cardiovascular system may serve to dampen psychophysiological reactivity to emotional and cognitive loading. Prior work has used paced breathing to impose clinically valuable high-amplitude ∼ 0.1 Hz oscillations.

Cortical thickness and neurocognition in adolescent marijuana and alcohol users following 28 days of monitored abstinence.

Objective: Adolescent marijuana use continues to increase in prevalence as harm perception declines. Better understanding of marijuana's impact on neurodevelopment is crucial. This prospective study aimed to investigate cortical thickness and neurocognitive performance before and after 28 days of monitored abstinence in adolescent marijuana and alcohol users.

Inhibition during early adolescence predicts alcohol and marijuana use by late adolescence.

Objective: Adolescent substance use has been associated with poorer neuropsychological functioning, but it is unclear if deficits predate or follow the onset of use. The goal of this prospective study was to understand how neuropsychological functioning during early adolescence could predict substance use by late adolescence.

Method: At baseline, participants were 175 substance-use-naïve healthy 12- to 14-year-olds (41% female) recruited from local schools.