Individual child factors affecting the diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents: a systematic review.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent condition characterised by patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. This systematic literature review aims to identify the child clinical and sociodemographic factors related to the detection and diagnosis of ADHD in children and adolescents, given concerns about delays or failures in identifying ADHD as well as over-diagnosis, hindering appropriate and timely support for children and families. Through electronic and manual searches of peer-reviewed and grey literature, 5852 articles were identified and subjected to two stages of screening by independent reviewers.

When Being Bad Feels Good: A Systematic Review of the Relationship Between Positive Emotion and Antisocial Behavior in Children and Adolescents.

Antisocial behavior in childhood and adolescence is associated with poor family and peer relationships, and a higher risk of mental and physical health problems in adulthood, as well as criminality. Emotions play a central role in children's moral development, but most research has focused on negative emotions (e.g.

Transitions in intrinsic capacity among community-dwelling older people and their associated factors: a multistate modelling analysis.

Objectives: Trajectory of intrinsic capacity (IC) can be non-linear and discontinuous, which traditional linear models may not be able to handle. This study thus aimed to model the trajectory of IC as transitions between different IC states and examine their associated factors.

Methods: Longitudinal data from a sample of community-dwelling older people aged 60 years or above (n = 1,588) was analysed.

Moving towards the ICOPE Approach: Evaluation of Community-Based Intervention Activities on Improving Intrinsic Capacity.

Objectives: Different types of community-based intervention activities may have differential effects in improving the intrinsic capacity (IC) of older people. This study aims to (i) identify subgroups of older people based on their IC impairments, (ii) examine the differential associations between different types of activity participations and change in IC across subgroups, and (iii) assess whether the activity participation patterns of older people align with the way that would benefit them the most.

Methods: Participants were community-dwelling older people aged 60 years or above.

Translation, Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of the Cantonese Version of SarQoL in Hong Kong's Older Population: An Interviewer-Administered Questionnaire for Assessing Sarcopenia-Specific Quality of Life in Fieldwork Practice.

Objective: This study examined the psychometric properties of the Cantonese version of the SarQoL questionnaire.

Participants: A total of 118 (including 60 non-sarcopenic and 58 sarcopenic) community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years or above with Cantonese as their mother tongue.

Methods: Translation and cultural adaptation of the SarQoL were conducted using a standardized protocol.

Genetic hypogonadal mouse model reveals niche-specific influence of reproductive axis and sex on intestinal microbial communities.

Background: The gut microbiome has been linked to many diseases with sex bias including autoimmune, metabolic, neurological, and reproductive disorders. While numerous studies report sex differences in fecal microbial communities, the role of the reproductive axis in this differentiation is unclear and it is unknown how sex differentiation affects microbial diversity in specific regions of the small and large intestine.

Methods: We used a genetic hypogonadal mouse model that does not produce sex steroids or go through puberty to investigate how sex and the reproductive axis impact bacterial diversity within the intestine.

Delineation and agreement of FET PET biological volumes in glioblastoma: results of the nuclear medicine credentialing program from the prospective, multi-centre trial evaluating FET PET In Glioblastoma (FIG) study-TROG 18.06.

Purpose: The O-(2-[F]-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (FET) PET in Glioblastoma (FIG) trial is an Australian prospective, multi-centre study evaluating FET PET for glioblastoma patient management. FET PET imaging timepoints are pre-chemoradiotherapy (FET1), 1-month post-chemoradiotherapy (FET2), and at suspected progression (FET3). Before participant recruitment, site nuclear medicine physicians (NMPs) underwent credentialing of FET PET delineation and image interpretation.

Assessing the Readiness for Implementing the World Health Organization's ICOPE Approach in Hong Kong: Perspectives from Social Care and Policy Stakeholders.

Although integrated care has been considered a key strategy in reforming health systems around the world, it seems hard to realise in practice, particularly in the part of medical social integration. Worse still, little is known about the capacity of social care professionals who implement it, or their perceived roles and responsibilities, as well as the barriers and facilitators that stakeholders from the health and social sectors identify as factors affecting the ICOPE implementation process. Therefore, the present study was performed to probe into these issues.

Prevalence and Distribution of Intrinsic Capacity and Its Associations with Health Outcomes in Older People: The Jockey Club Community eHealth Care Project in Hong Kong.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and distribution of intrinsic capacity (IC) impairments and examine their associations with health outcomes.

Methods: Community-dwelling people aged 60 years and older were interviewed at baseline and followed up for one to three years. IC domains including cognitive, locomotor, vitality, sensory (vision, hearing), and psychological capacities were assessed at baseline.

Clinical application of the therapeutic ultrasound in urologic disease: Part II of therapeutic ultrasound in urology.

This article aimed to review the clinical application and evidence of the therapeutic ultrasound in detail for urological diseases such as prostate cancer, kidney tumor, erectile dysfunction, and urolithiasis. We searched for articles about high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), extracorporeal shock wave therapy, ultrasound lithotripsy, and extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) in the MEDLINE and Embase. HIFU may be indicated as a primary treatment for low- or intermediate-risk prostate cancer, and salvage therapy for local recurrence as a promising way to address the limitations of current standard therapies.

The Effect of Downsizing Packages of Energy-Dense, Nutrient-Poor Snacks and Drinks on Consumption, Intentions, and Perceptions-A Scoping Review.

The single-serve packaging of discretionary foods is becoming increasingly popular, but evidence is limited on whether smaller package sizes can reduce food intake. The aim of this scoping review is to assess the effect of reducing the package size of energy-dense, nutrient-poor (EDNP) snacks and drinks on consumption, intentions, and perception, and to examine the effects of potential moderators or mediators. The search was conducted in six selected databases and grey literature sources, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for the scoping review process (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines.

Snail Upregulates Transcription of FN, LEF, COX2, and COL1A1 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A General Model Established for Snail to Transactivate Mesenchymal Genes.

SNA is one of the essential EMT transcriptional factors capable of suppressing epithelial maker while upregulating mesenchymal markers. However, the mechanisms for SNA to transactivate mesenchymal markers was not well elucidated. Recently, we demonstrated that SNA collaborates with EGR1 and SP1 to directly upregulate MMP9 and ZEB1.

How to reduce 'double-firing'-induced scope damage by investigating the relationship between laser fiber core degradation and fiber jacket burn?

Purpose: 'Double-firing effect' in which laser firing occurs in the fiber tip and its proximal part is caused by different breakdown rates between fiber jackets and cores. This study investigated a new safe distance concept to prevent scope damage by analyzing the breakdown of the laser fiber jacket and cores.

Methods: Laser fibers were fixed in a benchtop simulation model.

Bipolar enucleation of the prostate-step by step.

Bipolar enucleation of prostate (BipolEP) is a useful method for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Compared with conventional transurethral resection, the enucleation technique has several advantages. However, since the cost of laser equipment used for enucleation is relatively high, enucleation using bipolar devices has been attempted by many previous surgeons.

Isolation of Robinsoniella peoriensis from four human specimens.

Robinsoniella peoriensis is a recently described anaerobic, spore-forming, Gram-positive bacillus originally recovered from swine manure. We report four human cases in which R. peoriensis was isolated from clinical samples.

Impact upon clinical outcomes of translation of PNA FISH-generated laboratory data from the clinical microbiology bench to bedside in real time.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization using peptide nucleic acid probes (PNA-FISH) differentiates Staphylococcus aureus from other Gram-positive-cocci in clusters (GPCC). 101/202 patients with GPCC+ blood cultures were randomly assigned to clinician-notification of PNA FISH results. Notification was associated with reduced mortality (8% vs.

Prolonged QT interval and torsades de pointes associated with atazanavir therapy.

We report, to our knowledge, the first documented case of torsades de pointes associated with atazanavir therapy. This case serves to highlight the need to monitor patients receiving atazanavir therapy who have risk factors for QT interval prolongation, such as female sex, bradycardia, electrolyte abnormalities, congestive heart failure, and a baseline prolonged QT interval.

Mapping the ends of transmembrane segments in a polytopic membrane protein. Scanning N-glycosylation mutagenesis of extracytosolic loops in the anion exchanger, band 3.

Band 3, the anion exchanger of human erythrocytes, contains up to 14 transmembrane (TM) segments and has a single endogenous site of N-glycosylation at Asn642 in extracellular (EC) loop 4. The requirements for N-glycosylation of EC loops and the topology of this polytopic membrane protein were determined by scanning N-glycosylation mutagenesis and cell-free translation in a reticulocyte lysate supplemented with microsomal membranes. The endogenous and novel acceptor sites located near the middle of the 35 residue EC loop 4 were efficiently N-glycosylated; however, no N-glycosylation occurred at sites located within sharply defined regions close to the adjacent TM segments.

Glycosylation of multiple extracytosolic loops in Band 3, a model polytopic membrane protein.

N-glycosylated sites in polytopic membrane proteins are usually localized to single extracytosolic (EC) loops containing more than 30 residues [Landolt-Marticorena and Reithmeier (1994) Biochem. J. 302, 253-260].

Identification of an internal topogenic signal sequence in human Band 3, the erythrocyte anion exchanger.

The insertion of Band 3, the human erythrocyte anion exchanger, into microsomal membranes was studied in an in vitro reticulocyte lysate translation system. Band 3 consists of a 43-kDa amino-terminal cytosolic domain and a carboxyl-terminal 52-kDa membrane domain containing up to 14 transmembrane segments with a single N-glycosylation site at Asn-642. Insertion of truncated Band 3 molecules into microsomal membranes was assayed by glycosylation, resistance to alkaline extraction, and tryptic removal of the cytosolic domain.