Publications by authors named "Tam C Tran"
Electronic health records (EHRs) contain rich temporal data about infectious diseases, but an optimal approach to identify infections remains undefined. Using the Research Program, we developed computable phenotypes for respiratory viruses by integrating billing codes, prescriptions, and laboratory results within 90-day episodes. Phenotypes computed from 265,222 participants yielded cohorts ranging from 238 (adenovirus) to 28,729 (SARS-CoV-2) cases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSummary: With the rapid growth of genetic data linked to electronic health record (EHR) data in huge cohorts, large-scale phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) have become powerful discovery tools in biomedical research. PheWAS is an analysis method to study phenotype associations utilizing longitudinal EHR data. Previous PheWAS packages were developed mostly with smaller datasets and with earlier PheWAS approaches.
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- This study investigates the risk of hyponatremia (low sodium levels) associated with various antidepressants, including SSRIs, SNRIs, and NRIs, through examination of health records in the All of Us Research Program.
- The overall incidence of hyponatremia was found to be 0.87% within the first 30 days and 10.5% over three years among participants taking these medications.
- Among the antidepressants studied, duloxetine and escitalopram had the highest risk for hyponatremia, while bupropion and paroxetine were linked to the lowest risk, helping providers make informed treatment decisions.
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- Genetic variations in specific genes are linked to differences in lipid metabolism and risks for cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, but previous studies mainly focused on European populations and didn't extensively consider sex or ancestry differences.
- This study analyzed genetic data from 181,880 participants across seven ancestry groups to identify associations with various health conditions, specifically looking at phenotypes related to Alzheimer's disease risk.
- The findings revealed significant associations with conditions like hyperlipidemia and Alzheimer's, highlighting differences in these risks based on sex and ancestry, while also noting that there were some unique associations in specific ancestry groups.
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- Racial and ethnic differences in drug effectiveness and prescribing practices were evaluated for antihypertensive medications among Hispanic, Black, and White populations enrolled in the NIH All of Us Research Program.
- The study found that Black and Hispanic participants started on medications had higher initial systolic blood pressure and were prescribed fewer first-line treatments compared to White participants.
- Overall, antihypertensive drugs generally showed lower effectiveness in Black and Hispanic populations, indicating a need for earlier intervention and tailored treatment strategies for these groups.
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- Germinal centers (GCs) in mucosal sites are influenced by gut-derived factors, which can affect B cell homeostasis without depending solely on antigen receptor signals.
- The G-protein Gα13 plays a key role in keeping B cells confined to the GC, and its deficiency can lead to increased GC activity and potentially lymphoma development due to enhanced mTORC1 signaling and Myc protein expression.
- Gα13-deficient B cells in the mesenteric lymph node gain a competitive edge by relying on dietary nutrients like glutamine for growth and proliferation, highlighting how alterations in pathways can impact the development of aggressive lymphomas in the gut.
Summary: With the rapid growth of genetic data linked to electronic health record data in huge cohorts, large-scale phenome-wide association study (PheWAS), have become powerful discovery tools in biomedical research. PheWAS is an analysis method to study phenotype associations utilizing longitudinal electronic health record (EHR) data. Previous PheWAS packages were developed mostly in the days of smaller biobanks and with earlier PheWAS approaches.
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- Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex disease influenced by various genetic factors and molecular mechanisms that vary by cell type and ancestry.
- In a large study involving over 2.5 million individuals, researchers identified 1,289 significant genetic associations linked to T2D, including 145 new loci not previously reported.
- The study categorized T2D signals into eight distinct clusters based on their connections to cardiometabolic traits and showed that these genetic profiles are linked to vascular complications, emphasizing the role of obesity-related processes across different ancestry groups.
Article Synopsis
- The All of Us Research Program aims to recruit 1 million diverse participants to enhance research in public and precision health by collecting extensive data, including electronic health records (EHRs).
- This study compares the phenomic profiles of over 280,000 participants from All of Us to those in the US general population and the UK Biobank, focusing on the prevalence of diseases.
- Results indicate that a significant portion of diseases evaluated in All of Us are more common than in the general US population, with a high correlation in disease effect sizes when compared to the UK Biobank data.
Article Synopsis
- - The All of Us Research Program aims to enroll over a million participants to enhance precision medicine, focusing on the verification of biobanks by replicating known associations, specifically related to cigarette smoking.
- - The study used electronic health records (EHR) and participant surveys to assess smoking behavior and conducted a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS), comparing findings to published meta-analyses.
- - Results showed that a significant number of smoking-related phenotypes from meta-analyses were replicated in the All of Us data, demonstrating the program's potential for researching common exposures.
Antibiotics are a known cause of idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the five most commonly prescribed antibiotics in the United States are azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, cephalexin, amoxicillin, and amoxicillin-clavulanate. We quantified the frequency of acute DILI for these common antibiotics in the All of Us Research Program, one of the largest electronic health record (EHR)-linked research cohorts in the United States.
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- The study looks at how a substance from malaria germs called haemozoin affects the immune response during severe malaria, making it worse instead of helping the body fight the disease.
- Researchers found out that while haemozoin increases certain inflammatory signals, a different signal called IL-10 can help calm down the inflammation.
- During severe malaria, the immune cells don’t work properly, but they start to get better after recovery, showing how the immune system tries to balance itself.
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heterogeneous disease that develops through diverse pathophysiological processes. To characterise the genetic contribution to these processes across ancestry groups, we aggregate genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from 2,535,601 individuals (39.7% non-European ancestry), including 428,452 T2D cases.
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