Adverse Events after Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Drainage: A Ten-Year Retrospective Analysis.

Purpose: To determine the adverse events (AEs) rate associated with percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) and identify risk factors for their occurrence.

Materials And Methods: This single-center retrospective study included 2310 PTBD (right-side: 1164; left-sided: 966; bilateral: 180) interventions for biliary obstruction (benign/malignant) in 449 patients between 2010-2020. Patients with percutaneous cholecystostomy alone were excluded.

Association of Neighborhood-Level Area Deprivation with Demographics and Outcomes in Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Objective: To characterize neighborhood-level area deprivation's association with oropharyngeal carcinoma clinicodemographics, tumor staging, recurrence, and overall survival.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Setting: Single institution academic medical center.

Cervicofacial emphysema: A systematic review.

Cervicofacial Emphysema (CFE) is a self-limiting condition, defined by the presence of air in face and neck. The purpose of the manuscript is to systematically review the existing literature on CFE evaluation and management for updated clinical understanding of this condition. A literature search was conducted of publications about CFE on PubMed and Google Scholar by identifying all the articles with key search terms "Cervicofacial Emphysema" and "Sub Cutaneous Emphysema".

Comparative Analysis of Displacements and Stress Produced by Square and Rectangular Bracket Slot With Incremental Torque: A Finite Element Analysis Study.

Introduction: This study aimed to perform a comparative analysis of stresses and displacements with incremental torque on the maxillary incisors and surrounding cortical bone using conventional metal brackets with rectangular slots and passive self-ligating brackets with square slots using finite element analysis (FEA).

Materials And Methods: An in vitro FEA study was conducted, in which a three-dimensional (3D) model of the maxilla was built using ANSYS software version 18 (ANSYS Inc., Canonsburg, PA).

A hierarchical reinforcement learning model explains individual differences in attentional set shifting.

Attentional set shifting refers to the ease with which the focus of attention is directed and switched. Cognitive tasks, such as the widely used CANTAB IED, reveal great variation in set shifting ability in the general population, with notable impairments in those with psychiatric diagnoses. The attentional and learning processes underlying this cognitive ability and how they lead to the observed variation remain unknown.

Delirium event and associated treatment modifications among older adults with Alzheimer's disease: An interrupted time-series analysis of Medicare data.

Background: Both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and deliriogenic medications increase the risk of delirium in older adults. This study examined the association between delirium and the subsequent monthly use of anticholinergic, sedative, and opioid medications in the 1 year after delirium in older adults with AD.

Methods: This comparative interrupted time series analysis involved adults (aged 65 years and older) with a diagnosis of AD initiating on cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) based on 2013-2017 Medicare data.

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: A comprehensive review of diagnosis and management.

Pneumomediastinum is a rare condition defined by the presence of air in the mediastinum. In the absence of traumatic injury, iatrogenic injury, or clear etiology, it is called spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM). Spontaneous pneumomediastinum most commonly occurs in younger individuals and has a self-limiting course with a good outcome.

Investigating the barriers and enablers to outbreak reporting in the Asia-Pacific region: A mixed-methods study protocol.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has raised concerns about the global capacity for timely outbreak reporting. However, gaps remain in our understanding of barriers and enablers to outbreak reporting, particularly at the local level. Field epidemiology training program (FETP) fellows often participate in the outbreak reporting process as part of both their training and the public health roles they assume after graduating; they therefore represent a potentially valuable source of information for better understanding these barriers and enablers.

Effect of Aligning Forces by Two Preadjusted Edgewise Techniques on a Buccally Positioned Maxillary Canine at Varying Vertical Displacements: A Finite Element Study.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of continuous arch and piggyback mechanics in a straight wire appliance (SWA) for the alignment of buccal and variably vertically positioned maxillary canines.

Methods: A three-dimensional finite element model with near-normal occlusion and buccal and vertically displaced maxillary canines was used. Two groups were created to simulate two commonly used SWAs techniques, continuous archwire (Group 1) and piggyback models (Group 2).

Abnormal Heart Rate Recovery and Chronotropic Incompetence With Exercise in Patients With Interstitial Lung Disease With and Without Pulmonary Hypertension.

Introduction Chronotropic incompetence (CI) and heart rate (HR) recovery at one minute post-exercise (HRR1) have been proposed as indicators of autonomic imbalance. We retrospectively studied the presence of CI and HRR1 attained on cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and those with interstitial lung disease with pulmonary hypertension (ILD-PHTN). Methods A total of 32 patients (21 had ILD alone; 11 had ILD-PHTN) underwent CPET performed per American Thoracic Society protocol on a manually-braked bicycle.

Loss and Return of Ticklishness in Functional Neurological Disorder.

Background: People with functional neurological disorder (FND) have abnormalities in sensory processing. Loss of ticklishness has been rarely reported.

Objectives: To describe associated clinical features in people with FND and loss of ticklishness and explore correlations with sensory changes.

A Comparative Evaluation of Surface and Elemental Changes in Stainless Steel and Titanium Orthodontic Mini-screw Implants: A Multi-arm Randomized Control Trial.

Objective: The present study aimed to compare and quantify the surface changes seen in two most commonly used orthodontic miniscrew implants (MSI) materials; titanium and stainless steel after their clinical use.

Methods: 40 MSIs (20 titanium and 20 stainless steel) were retrieved from the maxillary arch of 20 subjects (13 females and 7 males) in the age group of 18 - 27 years (mean age=22.4 ± 3.

3-Dimensional Evaluation of Two PNAM Techniques (Modified Grayson & AlignerNAM) on Facial Soft Tissue Morphology: A Randomised Clinical Trial.

Objective: Evaluate facial changes after Presurgical Naso-Alveolar Molding (PNAM) in unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients treated with Modified Grayson Technique and AlignerNAM (with DynaCleft nasal elevator) using a 3D facial scan.

Design: Randomised clinical trial.

Setting: Institutional study.

Cumulative Anticholinergic Burden and its Predictors among Older Adults with Alzheimer's Disease Initiating Cholinesterase Inhibitors.

Background: Cumulative anticholinergic burden refers to the cumulative effect of multiple medications with anticholinergic properties. However, concomitant use of cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) and anticholinergic burden can nullify the benefit of the treatment and worsen Alzheimer's disease (AD). A literature gap exists regarding the extent of the cumulative anticholinergic burden and associated risk factors in AD.

Missing the Mark: Evaluating the Validity of the Ventral Hernia Screen in Detecting Recurrence.

Purpose: Hernia recurrence is a primary metric in evaluating the success of ventral hernia repair (VHR). Current screening methods for hernia recurrence, including the validated Ventral Hernia Screening (VHS) questionnaire, have not yet been critically evaluated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of the VHS for hernia recurrence.

Determining the impact of an artificial intelligence tool on the management of pulmonary nodules detected incidentally on CT (DOLCE) study protocol: a prospective, non-interventional multicentre UK study.

Introduction: In a small percentage of patients, pulmonary nodules found on CT scans are early lung cancers. Lung cancer detected at an early stage has a much better prognosis. The British Thoracic Society guideline on managing pulmonary nodules recommends using multivariable malignancy risk prediction models to assist in management.

Impact of comorbidities and inflammatory markers on mortality of COVID-19 patients.

Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a serious global health concern. The severity of the disease can be determined by serologic indicators such as C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, D-dimer, ferritin, and interleukin-6. (IL-6).

Effect of somatotypes on lung volumes, capacities and respiratory impedance: A pilot study.

Background: The current morphological condition of an individual is described by a somatotype, which is a three-number scale. The endomorph, mesomorph and ectomorph components are presented in the same sequence, and each number corresponds to one of the three basic components of body composition.

Methods: We recruited 50 healthy male subjects with a mean age of 24.

Transversus abdominis release with biosynthetic mesh for large ventral hernia repair: a 5-year analysis of clinical outcomes and quality of life.

Introduction: Transversus abdominis release (TAR) may provide an optimal plane for mesh placement for large ventral hernias requiring medial myofascial flap advancement. Long-term outcomes of TAR for large ventral hernia repair (VHR) remains under-studied. This study aims to assess longitudinal clinical outcomes and quality of life (QoL) following large VHR with TAR and resorbable biosynthetic mesh.

Patient-reported outcomes: A primer for plastic surgeons.

Surgical care today is no longer evaluated only on clinical outcomes but also on holistic patient wellbeing. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are a representation of the patient's perspective on their results and wellbeing. The aim of this review is to establish PROs as the center of healthcare and plastic surgery, to delineate important PROs in plastic surgery practice and research, to discuss the future of PROs within our discipline, and to encourage surgeons to incorporate PROs into their practice.

Optimal computed tomography-based biomarkers for prediction of incisional hernia formation.

Purpose: Unstructured data are an untapped source for surgical prediction. Modern image analysis and machine learning (ML) can harness unstructured data in medical imaging. Incisional hernia (IH) is a pervasive surgical disease, well-suited for prediction using image analysis.

Performance of advanced machine learning algorithms overlogistic regression in predicting hospital readmissions: A meta-analysis.

Objectives: Machine learning algorithms are being increasingly used for predicting hospital readmissions. This meta-analysis evaluated the performance of logistic regression (LR) and machine learning (ML) models for the prediction of 30-day hospital readmission among patients in the US.

Methods: Electronic databases (i.

Ortner's syndrome: A systematic review of presentation, diagnosis and management.

Ortner's syndrome (OS), also called cardiovocal syndrome, is a rare condition hallmarked by left recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy due to underlying cardiopulmonary disease. The purpose of this review is to systemically analyze the existing literature for cases of OS to outline typical presentation, methods of diagnosis, and management of these patients. Case reports, case series, and cohort studies describing OS between 1955 and 2021 were identified.

Phenotypic Profiling of Immune Cells and Their Mediators in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an inflammatory disorder and has been proposed to have an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors.

Methods: This study was conducted on 41 participants {18 COPD patients (smokers, COPD S ( = 9); reformed smokers, COPD RS ( = 9)) and 23 controls (non-smokers, CNS ( = 14); smokers, CS ( = 9))}. Flow cytometry was used to identify circulatory immune cells and correlated with serum cytokines.

An assessment of masticatory efficiency and occlusal load distribution in adolescent patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with functional jaw orthopedics: A prospective cohort study.

Introduction: Functional jaw orthopaedics, produces a radical change in the occlusal scheme and the masticatory apparatus, particularly in patients with Class II malocclusion. It remains to be seen how the changes brought about by a functional appliance alter the masticatory ability of a growing child, who needs the necessary nutrition to properly grow the craniofacial region.

Materials And Methods: Pretreatment and Post-treatment values of masticatory efficiency and the distribution of the occlusal load at centric occlusion were evaluated and compared for 20 patients with Class II division 1 malocclusion undergoing functional jaw orthopaedics.