Chemical constituents and antibacterial activities of Cameroonian dark brown propolis against potential biofilm-forming bacteria.

Propolis is a resinous material collected by different bee species from various plant exudates and used to seal holes in honeycombs, smoothen the internal walls, embalm intruders, improve health and prevent diseases. From its -hexane extract, eight compounds were isolated and characterised as: mangiferonic acid (); 1-hydroxymangiferonic acid (), new natural product; mangiferolic acid(); 27-hydroxymangiferolic acid (), reported here for the first time as propolis constituent; 27-hydroxymangiferonic acid (); -amyrin (); -amyrin () and lupeol (). The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic methods, such as 1D and 2D-NMR, mass spectrometry and comparison with previous published reports.

Kerstinginone, a new flavanone derivative from Commiphora kerstingii Engl. (Burseraceae) with potent apoptosis-inducing activity and inhibition of AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in non-sensitive prostate cancer cells.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Commiphora kerstingii Engl is a tree which is 20-30 m in height and commonly called "ararrabi" in Hausa. It is found in the Sahelian region (Cameroon, Chad, and Nigeria) where it is utilized for the treatment of several ailments including cancer.

Aim Of The Study: This study was aimed at investigating the chemical constituents and cytotoxic effect of extracts and isolates from the stem barks and leaves of C.

Myxaoside A, a new triterpenoid saponin from L. (Boraginaceae).

The phytochemical study of L. led to the isolation, through chromatographic techniques, of a new triterpenoid saponin, 3--[--rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-(6--acetyl---glucopyranosyl)]-22-hydroxyolean-12-ene () namely Myxaoside A, together with three known compounds, Soyasaponine I (), oleanolic acid (), and 3--acetyl-oleanolic acid (). All structures were established, based on 1 & 2D-NMR spectroscopic analysis and comparison with previous published reports.

The modular architecture of sigma factors in cyanobacteria: a framework to assess their diversity and understand their evolution.

Background: Bacterial RNA polymerase holoenzyme requires sigma70 factors to start transcription by identifying promoter elements. Cyanobacteria possess multiple sigma70 factors to adapt to a wide variety of ecological niches. These factors are grouped into two categories: primary sigma factor initiates transcription of housekeeping genes during normal growth conditions, while alternative sigma factors initiate transcription of specific genes under particular conditions.

Formulation of an antiseptic topical cream based on chitosan extracted from the scales of the Nile tilapia ().

The Nile tilapia is a widely consumed fish, its scales dumped in nature as waste have been recovered in the formulation of antiseptic creams because of its high content in chitin, precursor of chitosan. Creams have the advantage of being more comfortable on the skin and allow prolonged administration of the active ingredient. Chitosan is obtained with a yield of 21.

Chemical constituents from L. (Boraginaceae) and their antibacterial activity.

Chemical investigation of L. (Boraginaceae) resulted in the isolation of the following ten known compounds: 1-naphthaleneacetic-5-carboxy-1,2,3,4,4a,7,8,8a-octahydro-1,2,4a-trimethyl-[1-(1,2, 4a,8a)]-acid (), hexacosanoate-1-glyceryl (), 3-urs-12,20(30)-diene-27,28-dioic acid (), 3-D-glucopyranosylurs-12,20(30)-diene-27,28-dioic acid (), stigmasterol (), stigmasterol-3---D-glucopyranoside (), oleanolic-acid (), 3--acetyl-oleanolic acid (), betulin () and spinasterol-3--D-glucopyranoside (). The isolated compounds were characterised by using spectroscopic methods, 1D and 2D NMR, mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS) and by comparison with the literature data.

Chemical profiling by UHPLC-Q-TOF-HRESI-MS/MS and antibacterial properties of (Fabaceae) constituents.

A rapid untargeted UHPLC-Q-TOF-ESI-MS/MS-Based metabolomic profiling of the medicinal plant was performed. A total of 18 metabolites were detected, of which 10 could not be identified. Based on this result, an extensive chemical investigation of the CHCl-MeOH (1:1) extract of this plant was carried out, leading to the isolation of a new ceramide, named entadamide (), together with nine known compounds: monomethyl kolavate (), 24-hydroxytormentic acid () chondrillasterol (), 3---D glucopyranosylstigmasterol (), 3---D glucopyranosylsitosterol (), quercetin 3'-methylether (), 2,3-dihydroxypropyl icosanoate (), 2,3-dihydroxy-propyl 23-hydroxytricosanoate () and 2,3-dihydroxy-propyl 24-hydroxytetracosanoate ().

and Evaluation of Anticholinesterase and Antidiabetic Effects of Furanolabdanes and Other Constituents from (Linn.) Griffith.

is a tropical plant noticeable for its variegated leaves and exploited for various medicinal purposes. In this study, seven compounds, including three furanolabdane diterpenoids, i.e.

Autotrophic denitrification supported by sphalerite and oyster shells: Chemical and microbiome analysis.

This research evaluated the metal-sulfide mineral, sphalerite, as an electron donor for autotrophic denitrification, with and without oyster shells (OS). Batch reactors containing sphalerite simultaneously removed NO and PO from groundwater. OS addition minimized NO accumulation and removed 100% PO in approximately half the time compared with sphalerite alone.

glucosidase inhibitory activity of isolated compounds and semisynthetic derivative from aerial parts of DC.

The current study was conducted to isolate the phytoconstituents from leaves and stem bark and evaluate their inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase, digestive enzyme related to diabetes mellitus. Phytochemical investigation of the leaves resulted in the isolation of three saponins (3-5), two triterpenoids (7 and 8) and two steroids (10a and 10b) as inseparable mixture, while one saponin (6), one triterpenoid (9) and one mixture of two cinnamates (2a and 2b) were isolated from the stem bark. Except for compounds 2 b, 7, 8, 10a and 10 b all the isolated compounds are reported here for the first time from the genus .

In Vitro Evaluation of α-amylase and α-glucosidase Inhibition of 2,3-Epoxyprocyanidin C1 and Other Constituents from Poir.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder which is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidities in elderly humans. Chronic diabetes can lead to kidney failure, blindness, limb amputation, heart attack and stroke. Physical activity, healthy diets and medications can reduce the incidence of diabetes, so the search for more efficient antidiabetic therapies, most especially from natural products, is a necessity.

Euphol from Tapinanthus sp. Induces Apoptosis and Affects Signaling Proteins in Glioblastoma and Prostate Cancer Cells.

Background: Plants play an important role in cancer therapy. They are source of natural molecules which can induce apoptosis in cancer cells by affecting molecular mechanisms implicated in cancer progression. The MAP Kinase/ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways are two classical signaling pathways implicated in cancer progression and constitute therapeutic targets against cancer.

A novel pentacyclic triterpene acid from the stem barks of F. Hoffm (Combretaceae).

A phytochemical study was carried out on stem bark of F. Hoffm., a medicinal plant belonging to the Combretaceae family and used traditionally in the treatment of various ailments.

Antibiofilm and Anti-Quorum Sensing Potential of Cycloartane-Type Triterpene Acids from Cameroonian Grassland Propolis: Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Crude Extract.

Propolis is very popular for its beneficial health properties, such as antimicrobial activity and antioxidant effects. It is one of the most long-serving traditional medicines to mankind due to its interesting chemical diversity and therapeutic properties. The detailed chemical information of propolis samples is very necessary to guarantee its safety and for it to be accepted into health care systems.

From a large-scale genomic analysis of insertion sequences to insights into their regulatory roles in prokaryotes.

Background: Insertion sequences (ISs) are mobile repeat sequences and most of them can copy themselves to new host genome locations, leading to genome plasticity and gene regulation in prokaryotes. In this study, we present functional and evolutionary relationships between IS and neighboring genes in a large-scale comparative genomic analysis.

Results: IS families were located in all prokaryotic phyla, with preferential occurrence of IS3, IS4, IS481, and IS5 families in Alpha-, Beta-, and Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes as well as in eukaryote host-associated organisms and autotrophic opportunistic pathogens.

Interaction network among factors involved in heterocyst-patterning in cyanobacteria.

The genetically regulated pattern of heterocyst formation in multicellular cyanobacteria represents the simplest model to address how patterns emerge and are established, the signals that control them, and the regulatory pathways that act downstream. Although numerous factors involved in this process have been identified, the mechanisms of action of many of them remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was to identify specific relationships between 14 factors required for cell differentiation and pattern formation by exploring their putative physical interactions in the cyanobacterium model Nostoc sp.

Antimicrobial and -glucosidase inhibitory activities of chemical constituents from (Rubiaceae).

An aliphatic alkene namely pentapentacontene () was isolated for the first time from a natural source, , along with fourteen other compounds including nonacosanol (), tetratriacontanol (), octatriacontanol (), -sitosterol () and stigmasterol (), daucosanol (), ursolic acid (), uvaol (), 3,19,23,24-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (), lupenone (), oleanolic acid (), vanillin (), vanillic acid () and D-mannitol (). -glucosidase inhibitory assay revealed that MeOH and EtOAc extracts of leaves had the best activity with IC of 9.65 and 20.

Antibacterial and antioxidant activities and phytochemical composition of root bark.

A new glycoiridoid () together with seven (7) known compounds were isolated from the methanol crude extract of the root bark of using chromatography methods. Their structures were elucidated using HR-ESI-MS, 1 D- & 2 D-NMR spectroscopies in comparison with previous literature. The antioxidant activity was investigated by using FRAP, DPPH, ABTS and HRSA methods while the antibacterial activity was assays on (ATCC25922) and (ATCC14028) strains.

A new flavonoid glycoside from (Loranthaceae) and evaluation of anticancer activity of extract and some isolated compounds.

The present work describes the isolation and anticancer activity of which is a hemi parasitic plant harvested on , the host plant. Phytochemical study afforded a new flavonoid glycoside, tapinantoside () isolated for the first time from natural source, alongside six known compounds (-). Structure of compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses including 1 D and 2 D NMR, mass spectrometry and by comparison with literature data.

Anticancer Activity of Combretum fragrans F. Hoffm on Glioblastoma and Prostate Cancer Cell Lines.

Background: Cancer incidence has been growing in an alarming rate worldwide and new therapeutics are needed, particularly for intractable and chemoresistant cases. We evaluated the cytotoxic effects of Combretum fragrans F. Hoffm (Combretaceae) on glioblastoma (U87MG and C6) and prostate (PC-3) cancer cell lines.

Wood and sulfur-based cyclic denitrification filters for treatment of saline wastewaters.

This study investigated the performance and microbiome of cyclic denitrification filters (CDFs) for wood and sulfur heterotrophic-autotrophic denitrification (WSHAD) of saline wastewater. Wood-sulfur CDFs integrated into two pilot-scale marine recirculating aquaculture systems achieved high denitrification rates (103 ± 8.5 g N/(m·d)).