Medullary Noradrenergic Neurons Mediate Hemodynamic Responses to Osmotic and Volume Challenges.

Despite being involved in homeostatic control and hydro-electrolyte balance, the contribution of medullary (A1 and A2) noradrenergic neurons to the hypertonic saline infusion (HSI)-induced cardiovascular response after hypotensive hemorrhage (HH) remains to be clarified. Hence, the present study sought to determine the role of noradrenergic neurons in HSI-induced hemodynamic recovery in male Wistar rats (290-320 g) with HH. Medullary catecholaminergic neurons were lesioned by nanoinjection of antidopamine-β-hydroxylase-saporin (0.

Periodontal disease reduces water and sodium intake induced by injection of muscimol into the lateral parabrachial nucleus.

Objective: Gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptor activation with muscimol in the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN) induces water and 0.3M NaCl intake. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a local inflammatory event, such as periodontal disease (PD), is able to alter the effects of muscimol on water and 0.