Toxic effects of environmental-relevant exposure to polyethylene terephthalate (PET) micro and nanoparticles in zebrafish early development.

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a commonly used thermoplastic in industry due to its excellent malleability and thermal stability, making it extensively employed in packaging manufacturing. Inadequate disposal of PET packaging in the environment and natural physical-chemical processes leads to the formation of smaller particles known as PET micro and nanoplastics (MNPs). The reduced dimensions enhance particle bioavailability and, subsequently, their reactivity.

Effect of adenosine treatment on ionizing radiation toxicity in zebrafish early life stages.

The danger of ionizing radiation exposure to human health is a concern. Since its wide use in medicine and industry, the development of radioprotectors has been very significant. Adenosine exerts anti-inflammatory actions and promotes tissue protection and repair, by activating the P1 receptors (A, A, A, and A).

Micro- and nanoplastic toxicity: A review on size, type, source, and test-organism implications.

Polymeric wastes are among the current major environmental problems due to potential pollution and contamination. Within the spectrum of polymeric waste, microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) have gained ground in recent research since these particles can affect the local biota, inducing toxic effects on several organisms. Different outcomes have been reported depending on particle sizes, shape, types, and exposed organisms and conditions, among other variables.

Acute toxicity of methomyl commercial formulation induces morphological and behavioral changes in larval zebrafish (Danio rerio).

The use of pesticides has continue grown over recent years, leading to several environmental and health concerns, such as the contamination of surface and groundwater resources and associated biota, potentially affecting populations that are not primary targets of these complex chemical mixtures. In this work, we investigate lethal and sublethal effects of acute exposure of methomyl commercial formulation in zebrafish embryo and larvae. Methomyl is a broad-spectrum carbamate insecticide and acaricide that acts primarily in acetylcholinesterase inhibition (AChE).

On the effects of iron ore tailings micro/nanoparticles in embryonic and larval zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Iron ore tailings (IOT) represent a major problem in the mining industry worldwide due to large volumes of waste disposed in mine sites. IOT are exposed to the environment and subjected to wind and water dispersion, even under non-catastrophic scenarios as dam collapses, and the effects of these particles to the biota are still mostly unknown. This work aimed to prepare and to characterize a suspension containing the finest (micro/nano range) particles of IOT and to evaluate its effects on development and behavior of zebrafish (Danio rerio), at both embryonic and larval stages.

Antibiotic drugs alter zebrafish behavior.

Antibiotics are widely used drugs in human and veterinary health as well as in the food industry. The majority of these compounds are, however, excreted unchanged and found as contaminants in water bodies. Although the toxicity of these drugs was previously studied in aquatic organisms, the behavioral effects of these pollutants have not been fully explored.

Acid mine drainage (AMD) treatment by neutralization: Evaluation of physical-chemical performance and ecotoxicological effects on zebrafish (Danio rerio) development.

Acid mine drainage (AMD) represents a major problem in the mining industry worldwide due to the risk of water and soil pollution. Its active treatment involves the addition of alkaline reagents such as NaOH or Ca(OH) to increase the pH and precipitate the dissolved metals, although substantial amounts of dissolved ions might persists. Under a remediation approach, the aim of this work was to assess the chemical and physical characteristics of treated effluent and to evaluate its ecotoxicological effects on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryonic and larval stages, through developmental, functional, morphological, and behavioral end-points.

Characterization of the adenosinergic system in a zebrafish embryo radiotherapy model.

Adenosine is a nucleoside that acts as a signaling molecule by activating P1 purinergic receptors (A, A, A and A). This activation is involved in immune responses, inflammation, and tissue remodeling and tumor progression. Gamma rays are a type of ionizing radiation widely adopted in radiotherapy of tumors.

Nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor modulates painful and fatigue symptoms in a mouse model of fibromyalgia.

Generalized pain and fatigue are both hallmarks of fibromyalgia, a syndrome with an indefinite etiology. The treatment options for fibromyalgia are currently limited, probably because of its intricate pathophysiology. Thus, further basic and clinical research on this condition is currently needed.

Persistent increase in ecto‑5'‑nucleotidase activity from encephala of adult zebrafish exposed to ethanol during early development.

Prenatal alcohol exposure causes alterations to the brain and can lead to numerous cognitive and behavioral outcomes. Long-lasting effects of early ethanol exposure have been registered in glutamatergic and dopaminergic systems. The purinergic system has been registered as an additional target of ethanol exposure.

Manganese(II) Chloride Alters Nucleotide and Nucleoside Catabolism in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Adult Brain.

ATP and adenosine, the main signaling molecules of purinergic system, are involved in toxicological effects induced by metals. The manganese (Mn) exposure induces several cellular changes, which could interfere with signaling pathways, such as the purinergic system. In this study, we evaluated the effects of exposure to manganese(II) chloride (MnCl) during 96 h on nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase), ecto-5'-nucleotidase, and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities, followed by analyzing the gene expression patterns of NTPDases (entpd1, entpd2a.

Tebuconazole alters morphological, behavioral and neurochemical parameters in larvae and adult zebrafish (Danio rerio).

In this study, we evaluated the effects of tebuconazole on morphology and exploratory larvae behavior and adult locomotion. Furthermore, we analyzed the effects of this fungicide on AChE activity and gene expression in zebrafish larvae and in the adult zebrafish brain. Tebuconazole (4 mg/L) increased the ocular distance in larvae and reduced the distance travelled, absolute turn angle, line crossing and time outside area in exposed larvae.

Mesenchymal stem cells cannot affect mRNA expression of toll-like receptors in different tissues during sepsis.

Objective And Design: Experimental animal models and human clinical studies support a crucial role for TLRs in infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to test the ability of MSCs, which have immunomodulatory effects, of altering the mRNA expression of toll-like receptors during a experimental model of sepsis in different tissues.

Materials And Methods: Three experimental groups (male C57BL/6 mice) were formed for the test: control group, untreated septic group and septic group treated with MSCs (1 × 10 cells/animal).

Copper toxicology, oxidative stress and inflammation using zebrafish as experimental model.

Copper is an essential micronutrient and a key catalytic cofactor in a wide range of enzymes. As a trace element, copper levels are tightly regulated and both its deficit and excess are deleterious to the organism. Under inflammatory conditions, serum copper levels are increased and trigger oxidative stress responses that activate inflammatory responses.

Mechanisms involved in kinin-induced glioma cells proliferation: the role of ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt pathways.

Gliomas are the most common malignant brain tumors in adults. Bradykinin (BK) displays an important role in cancer, although the exact role of kinin receptors in the glioma biology remains unclear. This study investigated the role of kinin B1 and B2 receptors (B1R and B2R) on cell proliferation in human glioblastoma cell lineages.

Transient modulation of acetylcholinesterase activity caused by exposure to dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles in brain of adult zebrafish.

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are of great interest in nanomedicine due to their capability to act simultaneously as a contrast agent and as a targeted drug delivery system. At present, one of the biggest concerns about the use of SPIONs remains around its toxicity and, for this reason, it is important to establish the safe upper limit for each use. In the present study, SPION coated with cross-linked aminated dextran (CLIO-NH₂) were synthesized and their toxicity to zebrafish brain was investigated.

Involvement of purinergic system in inflammation and toxicity induced by copper in zebrafish larvae.

The use of zebrafish (Danio rerio) is increasing as an intermediate preclinical model, to prioritize drug candidates for mammalian testing. As the immune system of the zebrafish is quite similar to that of mammals, models of inflammation are being developed for the screening of new drugs. The characterization of these models is crucial for studies that seek for mechanisms of action and specific pharmacological targets.

Assessment of mercury chloride-induced toxicity and the relevance of P2X7 receptor activation in zebrafish larvae.

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been adopted as a model for behavioral, immunological and toxicological studies. Mercury is a toxic heavy metal released into the environment. There is evidence indicating that heavy metals can modulate ionotropic receptors, including the purinergic receptor P2X7.

Intraperitoneal exposure to nano/microparticles of fullerene (C₆₀) increases acetylcholinesterase activity and lipid peroxidation in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) brain.

Even though technologies involving nano/microparticles have great potential, it is crucial to determine possible toxicity of these technological products before extensive use. Fullerenes C60 are nanomaterials with unique physicochemical and biological properties that are important for the development of many technological applications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the consequences of nonphotoexcited fullerene C60 exposure in brain acetylcholinesterase expression and activity, antioxidant responses, and oxidative damage using adult zebrafish as an animal model.

Gene expression and biochemical responses in brain of zebrafish Danio rerio exposed to organic nanomaterials: carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and fullerenol (C60(OH)18-22(OK4)).

Nanomaterials (NM) industry had grown in the last decade, although there are few studies concerning its potential toxicity effects on aquatic organisms. In this study the freshwater zebrafish (Danio rerio) was exposed to two kinds of carbon NM, single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and fullerenol [C60(OH)18-22(OK4)] to analyze oxidative stress responses on fish brain. Adult zebrafish (mean mass: 0.

Modulation of antioxidant and detoxifying capacity in fish Cyprinus carpio (Cyprinidae) after treatment with nanocapsules containing lipoic acid.

Lipoic acid (LA) is a water- and lipid-soluble molecule with capacity to pass through cell membranes and with several antioxidant properties. Previous studies have shown that polymeric nanocapsules with LA favor the protection of this antioxidant, increasing their physical and chemical stability compared to formulations containing free LA. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of free LA and LA-nanocapsules on antioxidant enzymes, the concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) and a by-product of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), as well as the expression of gene coding for different forms of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in model fish.

Ethylmalonic acid modulates Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity and mRNA levels in rat cerebral cortex.

Ethylmalonic acid (EMA) accumulates in tissues of patients affected by short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency and ethylmalonic encephalopathy, illnesses characterized by variable neurological symptoms. In this work, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo EMA effects on Na(+), K(+)-ATPase (NAK) activity and mRNA levels in cerebral cortex from 30-day-old rats. For in vitro studies, cerebral cortex homogenates were incubated in the presence of EMA at 0.

P2X7 receptor activation leads to increased cell death in a radiosensitive human glioma cell line.

Gliomas are the most lethal tumors of central nervous system. ATP is an important signaling molecule in CNS and it is a selective P2X7 purinergic receptor ligand at high concentrations. Herein, we investigated whether the activation of P2X7R might be implicated in death of a radiosensitive human glioma lineage.

Endosulfan exposure inhibits brain AChE activity and impairs swimming performance in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Endosulfan is a broad spectrum organochlorine pesticide that is still widely in use in many developing countries. Following application, endosulfan can get to watercourses through surface runoff from agricultural fields and disturb the non-target aquatic animals including freshwater fish species. Given that the activity of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is one of the most recurrently used biomarkers of exposure to pesticides and there are controversial results concerning the effects of endosulfan exposure and AChE activity in fish, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of endosulfan in brain AChE activity and its gene expression pattern using adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an animal model.