Microencapsulation of flaxseed oil in pea protein-gum arabic complex coacervates delays lipid digestion in liquid yoghurt.

Flaxseed oil coacervates were produced by complex coacervation using soluble pea protein and gum arabic as shell materials, followed by either spray or electrostatic spray drying and their incorporation to yoghurt. Three yoghurt formulations were prepared: yoghurt with spray-dried microcapsules (Y-SD); with electrospray-dried microcapsules (Y-ES); with the encapsulation ingredients added in free form (Y). The standardised semi-dynamicin vitrodigestion method (INFOGEST) was employed to study the food digestion.

Electrostatic spray drying: A new alternative for drying of complex coacervates.

Complex coacervation can be used for controlled delivery of bioactive compounds (i.e., flaxseed oil and quercetin).

The type of gum arabic affects interactions with soluble pea protein in complex coacervation.

Complex coacervation is an encapsulation process involving two oppositely charged biopolymers. Since different compositions of gum arabic may affect its interaction with protein, we studied the complex coacervation of two types of gum arabic (GA) (Acacia senegal-GA1 and Acacia seyal-GA2) with soluble pea protein (SPP) through Zeta potential, turbidity, morphology, the secondary structure of SPP, UV/vis absorbance and thermodynamic parameters. The maximum formation of coacervates occurred at SPP:GA 3:1 (w/w) and pH 3.

Advances of plant-based structured food delivery systems on the in vitro digestibility of bioactive compounds.

Food researchers are currently showing a growing interest in in vitro digestibility studies due to their importance for obtaining food products with health benefits and ensuring a balanced nutrient intake. Various bioactive food compounds are sensitive to the digestion process, which results in a lower bioavailability in the gut. The main objective of structured food delivery systems is to promote the controlled release of these compounds at the desired time/place, in addition to protecting them during digestion processes.

Maillard conjugates from spent brewer's yeast by-product as an innovative encapsulating material.

Yeast-based by-products are greatly available, have a rich nutritional composition and functional properties. The spent brewer's yeast (SBY) cells after enzymatic hydrolysis may be a sustainable and low-cost alternative as carrier material for encapsulation processes by spray drying. Our work had as main purpose to characterise the hydrolysed SBY cell debris after the Maillard reaction and to study their potential as a microencapsulation wall material.

Influence of heated, unheated whey protein isolate and its combination with modified starch on improvement of encapsulated pomegranate seed oil oxidative stability.

This study aimed at encapsulating pomegranate seed oil (PSO) by emulsification followed by spray drying using whey protein isolate (WPI) in its natural form, heated (Pickering), and combined with modified starch (WPI:Capsul®) as emulsifiers/wall materials. Emulsions were stable under different stress conditions. Pickering emulsions presented bigger droplet size (6.

Complex coacervates of cashew gum and gelatin as carriers of green coffee oil: The effect of microcapsule application on the rheological and sensorial quality of a fruit juice.

In this work, cashew gum (CG) and gelatin (GE) complexation was explored to encapsulate green coffee oil (GCO), rich in cafestol and kahweol, for use as ingredient in fruit juice. The microcapsules were loaded with 25, 50 and 75% (w/w) GCO and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, encapsulation efficiency and accelerated oxidation by Rancimat. Gas chromatography coupled to the mass detector was used to cafestol quantification in simulated gastrointestinal digestion and during fruit juice storage.

Reducing carotenoid loss during storage by co-encapsulation of pequi and buriti oils in oil-in-water emulsions followed by freeze-drying: Use of heated and unheated whey protein isolates as emulsifiers.

Buriti and pequi oils are rich in carotenoids and beneficial to human health; however, carotenoid oxidation during storage causes color loss in foods, making it difficult to use these oils in food products. This research aimed to encapsulate pequi oil and co-encapsulate pequi and buriti oils by emulsification using whey protein isolate (WPI) as an emulsifier in two forms, natural (unheated) and heated, followed by freeze-drying. The emulsions were studied by droplet size under different stress conditions, instability index, and rheology.

Microencapsulation of lactase by W/O/W emulsion followed by complex coacervation: Effects of enzyme source, addition of potassium and core to shell ratio on encapsulation efficiency, stability and kinetics of release.

This study evaluated the technological viability of the formation of lactase microcapsules by coacervation (gelatin/gum arabic) containing potassium ions (cofactor). The impacts of the encapsulation and the cofactor on the enzyme properties obtained from Aspergillus oryzae and Kluyveromyces lactis were evaluated as a function of different pH values, temperatures, and storage times. The best microcapsules formed by coacervation showed good functional properties, such as low water activity (≤ 0.

Echium oil with oxidative stability increased by emulsion preparation in the presence of the phenolic compound sinapic acid followed by dehydration by spray and freeze drying processes.

Echium oil is rich in omega-3, however, is unstable. The objective of this work was the co-encapsulation of echium oil and sinapic acid (SA) by emulsification using Arabic gum as emulsifier/carrier, followed by spray or freeze-drying. Eight treatments (S0, S200, S600 and S1000: particles spray dried with different concentrations of SA; L0, L200, L600 and L1000: particles freeze dried with different concentrations of SA) were analyzed in relation to microscopy, water activity (Aw), hygroscopicity, moisture, solubility, particle size, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry and accelerated oxidation.

Water-in-oil-in-water emulsion obtained by glass microfluidic device for protection and heat-triggered release of natural pigments.

Anthocyanins and norbixin are natural pigments used in food; however, they are unstable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microencapsulation technique to protect these pigments. Elderberry extract (source of anthocyanins) and norbixin were encapsulated using a microfluidic device with palm oil as middle phase in a water-in-oil-in-water emulsion.

Enhancing stability of echium seed oil and beta-sitosterol by their coencapsulation by complex coacervation using different combinations of wall materials and crosslinkers.

Intake of omega-3 fatty acids and phytosterols aids in the reduction of cholesterol and serum triglycerides. However, both fatty acids and phytosterols are susceptible to oxidation. This work coencapsulated echium oil (source of stearidonic and alpha-linolenic fatty acids) and beta-sitosterol (phytosterol) by complex coacervation using different combinations of wall materials, and sinapic acid (SA) and transglutaminase as crosslinkers.

Optimization of microcapsules shell structure to preserve labile compounds: A comparison between microfluidics and conventional homogenization method.

A new technique is presented to optimize the formulation of microcapsules loaded with labile compounds. Fish oil was loaded into the microcapsule core and protected with a shell composed of whey protein microgel/beet pectin complexes. The microcapsules were formed using two different methods: microfluidics and homogenization.

Protection of echium oil by microencapsulation with phenolic compounds.

The consumption of omega-3 enables the reduction of cardiovascular disease risk; however they are unstable. The aim of this work was to encapsulate echium oil (Echium plantagineum L.), a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids, with phenolic compounds (sinapic acid and rutin) by double emulsion followed by complex coacervation or by complex coacervation with sinapic acid in the capsule wall.

Development of functional yogurt containing free and encapsulated echium oil, phytosterol and sinapic acid.

The consumption of omega-3 fatty acids and phytosterol promotes the reduction of cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels. However, such compounds are susceptible to oxidation, which hampers their application. The objective of this work was to coencapsulate echium oil, phytosterols and sinapic acid (crosslinker/antioxidant), and incorporate the obtained microcapsules into yogurt.

Improving oxidative stability of echium oil emulsions fabricated by Microfluidics: Effect of ionic gelation and phenolic compounds.

Echium oil is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which are important because of their benefits to human health; it is, however, unstable. The objective of this work was the coencapsulation of echium oil and quercetin or sinapic acid by microfluidic and ionic gelation techniques. The treatments were analyzed utilizing optical and scanning electron microscopy, encapsulation yield, particle size, thermogravimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, stability under stress conditions, and oil oxidative/phenolic compound stability for 30days at 40°C.

Effect of different polysaccharides and crosslinkers on echium oil microcapsules.

Microencapsulation by complex coacervation using gelatin and arabic gum (AG) as wall materials and transglutaminase for crosslinking is commonly used. However, AG is only produced in a few countries and transglutaminase is expensive. This work aimed to evaluate the encapsulation of echium oil by complex coacervation using gelatin and cashew gum (CG) as wall materials and sinapic acid (S) as crosslinker.

Fabrication of solid lipid microcapsules containing ascorbic acid using a microfluidic technique.

The importance of ascorbic acid (AA) in the human diet has motivated food researchers to develop AA-fortified food products. However, this compound is very unstable. The aim of this work was to produce solid lipid microcapsules (SLMs) loaded with AA using microfluidic technology.