Comparative structural studies on Bovine papillomavirus E6 oncoproteins: Novel insights into viral infection and cell transformation from homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulations.

Bovine papillomavirus (BPV) infects cattle cells worldwide, leading to hyperproliferative lesions and the potential development of cancer, driven by E5, E6, and E7 oncoproteins along with other cofactors. E6 oncoprotein binds experimentally to various proteins, primarily paxillin and MAML1, as well as hMCM7 and CBP/p300. However, the molecular and structural mechanisms underlying BPV-induced malignant transformation remain unclear.