World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg
December 2024
Background And Objectives: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is ubiquitous all around the world. Tonsils seem to be candidate replication sites for EBV, and these tissues can be infected acutely or chronically. Some studies reported an association between EBV infection and tonsillar hypertrophy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiologicals
November 2024
Background And Purpose: The seroprevalence of antibodies against measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) was evaluated 17 years following a mass vaccination campaign in individuals aged 2 to 22 years who had received routine immunization but were not eligible for an extended immunization program.
Methods: Samples were acquired from Iran's National Measles Laboratory (NML), with individuals showing positive IgM results excluded. Out of the samples collected in 2020, a random selection of 290 serum samples was chosen, representing individuals between the ages of 2 and 22 years from diverse regions in the country.
Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly contagious virus that uses angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a pivotal member of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), as its cell-entry receptor. Another member of the RAS, angiotensin II (Ang II), is the major biologically active component in this system. There is growing evidence suggesting that serum miRNAs could serve as prognostic biomarkers for SARS-CoV-2 infection and regulate ACE2 expression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Infect Dis
April 2024
Background: This study aims to explore the potential of utilizing the expression levels of cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2), μ-opioid receptor (MOR), MCP-1, IL-17, IFN-γ, and osteopontin as predictors for the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The overarching goal is to delineate the pathogenic mechanisms associated with SARS-CoV-2.
Methods: Using quantitative Real-time PCR, we analyzed the gene expression levels of CB2 and MOR in nasopharynx specimens obtained from patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection, with 46 individuals classified as having severe symptoms and 46 as non-severe.
Background: Following rubella virus control, the most important cause of congenital infections is human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Congenital CMV (cCMV) may happen both in primary and non-primary maternal infections. The present study aimed to screen cCMV in symptomatic newborns suspected of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in Iran.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIran J Public Health
August 2023
Background: Despite decreasing the global burden of measles disease after the introduction of vaccination, measles remains one of the most devastating childhood diseases. Since genotype B3 is reported as a predominant Measles Virus (MeV) genotype recently, the current study aimed to better understand MeV genetic variation by analyzing the complete sequence of Hemagglutinin (H) gene associated with outbreaks of circulated genotypes in Iran.
Methods: Nine positive measles specimens were selected from three circulated different genotypes H1, B3, and D4.
Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids
October 2023
Background: The role of the lipoxygenase (LOX) and cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes in maintaining cellular homeostasis and regulating immune responses promoted us in this study to analyze the pattern of changes in 15-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase isoforms and their related cytokines in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Methods: 15-LOX-1, 15-LOX-2, COX-1 and COX-2 gene expression levels were determined using qRT-PCR in nasopharynx specimens from patients with severe [N = 40] and non-severe [N = 40] confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections and healthy controls. Circulating levels of lL-6, lL-10, PGE2, and IFN-γ were measured in patients and healthy controls using ELISA assay.
Background: Human orthopneumovirus (HOPV) or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the important causes of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) during the cold months of the year worldwide. Many countries have reported an absence of ARIs due to HOPV during the winter of 2020-2021 associated with preventive measures to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV2. However, with the reduction of COVID-19 public health restrictions and the absence of immunity in the community due to the lack of exposure in the previous season, many countries had a delayed HOPV outbreak.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Cervical cancer represents one of the most prevalent cancers among women worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income nations. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) can infect cancer cells selectively and lethally without harming normal cells. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an oncolytic virus for anticancer therapy because of its propensity to multiply within tumor cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMany evidence suggests that long-lasting infection can develop with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This occurrence has been widely described in immunocompromised individuals. In these patients, ineffective clearance of virus infection provides an opportunity for developing immune escape mutants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIran J Microbiol
February 2023
Background And Objectives: Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) and human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are among the most prevalent viruses in hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI). This study aimed to evaluate the molecular characterization of HRV and HAdV in hospitalized patients with SARI, who aged ≤ 18 years in Tehran, Iran.
Materials And Methods: To detect these two viruses, a conventional nested RT-PCR (Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) assay was performed on 264 throat swabs collected from December 2018 to March 2019.
Influenza Other Respir Viruses
March 2023
Background: Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) 229E, OC43, HKU1, and NL63 are common viruses that continuously circulate in the human population. Previous studies showed the circulation of HCoVs during the cold months in Iran. We studied the circulation of HCoVs during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic to find the impact of pandemic on the circulation of these viruses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSARS-COV-2 is responsible for the current worldwide pandemic, which started on December 2019 in Wuhan, China. On March 2020 World Health Organization announced COVID-19 as the new pandemic. Some SARS-COV-2 variants have increased transmissibility, cause more severe disease (e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: Post-transplant human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) viremia has been linked to adverse "indirect effects" among transplant patients. HCMV-created immunomodulatory mechanisms could be associated with the indirect effects.
Objective: In the present study, the RNA-Seq whole transcriptome of renal transplant (RT) patients was analyzed to seek the underlying pathobiologic pathways associated with the long-term indirect effects of HCMV.
Background And Objectives: Parvovirus B19 (B19V) is usually transmitted through respiratory tract, but can also be received through blood transfusion. This study evaluated the seroprevalence, DNA existence, and circulating genotypes of B19V in hemophilia patients.
Materials And Methods: Serum samples of cases and controls were analyzed for B19V using ELISA and real-time PCR.
Background And Objectives: Neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) as an imperative antiviral for influenza prophylaxis and treatment are being consumed worldwide. Increasing use of these antivirals might be associated with drug resistance. Regarding the significance of these variations, this study aimed to investigate the mutations occurring in the NA gene of influenza A viruses leading to oseltamivir resistance during 2017-2019 in Iran.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Human adenovirus (HAdV) is an important viral agent in children which can lead to severe acute respiratory infection (SARI). Reports on molecular epidemiology of HAdVs in Iran are limited. This case-control study is conducted to compare the HAdV infection rate and molecular epidemiology among two groups of children with and without respiratory symptoms in Tehran, Iran during 2018-2019.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAs the cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection escalates, the essence of in-depth knowledge around acquired immunity and emergence of reinfection and reactivation have to be captured. While being a rare phenomenon, reinfection occurs as the result of diminishing protection conferred by antibodies, especially IgG. Reactivation is more concerned with the role of various elements including shedding lingering viral RNA for a prolonged time and incomplete resolution of infection along with the insight of dormant viral exosomes' role.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is one of the most common viral complications in kidney transplant recipients. Although there are effective treatments strategies for the HCMV infection, this infection is still one of the causes of kidney transplant rejection.
Methods: A total of 246 kidney transplant recipients participated in this cross-sectional study.