Oblique transsphenoethmoidal approach to the cavernous sinus.

Pituitary adenomas frequently invade the cavernous sinus. The standard transsphenoidal approach does not provide satisfactory visualization of the cavernous sinus structures. The transcranial approach has no advantages, and increases the operative trauma and complications.

[Expression of bcl-2, Ki-67 and p-53 in uveal melanomas].

Aim: To investigate expression of proliferative markers bcl-2, Ki-67 and p-53 immunocomplexes in uveal melanoma cells; and to establish whether the intensity of expression correlates with the pathological level of invasion (pT), which would result in prognostic significance.

Methods: Thirty cases of primary uveal melanomas of two different levels of invasion (pT2 and pT3); indirect PAP immunoenzyme method and three step ABC/AP method. The intensity of the reaction was evaluated by a semiquantitative method as negative (-), weakly positive (+), modestly positive (++) and strongly positive (+++).

Spinal spindle cell haemangioma: an atypical location.

We present a case of the 31-year-old male patient who complained of weakness in both legs and progressed slowly. Neuroimagine of the thoracic spine showed an intraspinal, extradural mass lesion, measuring 5.3 x 1.

[Primary non-Hodgkin orbital lymphoma: case report].

The aim of this case report is to present a very rare case of primary malignant non-Hodgkin orbital lymphoma, found in an 80-year-old female patient with rapid orbital structure compression. Detailed ophthalmologic, radiologic, hematologic and oncologic examinations and laboratory tests were done before, during and after treatment. Diagnostic ultrasonography and computed tomography images of the right orbital cavity demonstrated a solid naoplastic process which dislocated the eyeball without invasion of orbital structures.

[The importance of the team work in diagnosis of pituitary adenomas: the five-tier World Health Organization classification].

In the last ten years great changes occurred concerning the basic knowledge on pituitary adenomas. Many different classifications of pituitary adenomas were proposed. In 2000 World Health Organization accepted the five-tier classification of pituitary adenomas proposed by Kovacs and Horvath.

Nonenhancing spinal subdural metastatic tumor.

We describe a case of a spinal subdural metastatic tumor that became rapidly symptomatic after a minor trauma, as a result of severe cord compression and cord hemorrhage. On MR imaging, the lesion was oval, hyperintense with a dark rim on T2-weighted fast spin-echo images, isointense to the cord on T1-weighted images, and had dark and bright areas on gradient-echo T2*-weighted images, consistent with a hyperacute-to-acute hematoma. The hemorrhagic tumor showed no evidence of contrast enhancement.

Primary sellar esthesioneuroblastoma.

We describe an extremely rare case of a primary intrasellar esthesioneuroblastoma.

Spinal epidural rhabdomyosarcoma.

We report an extremely rare case of rhabdomyosarcoma in the lower cervical and upper thoracic spine. The MR imaging appearance of the lesion was nonspecific, and different from the one previously reported. The majority of the tumor was removed surgically less than a month from the onset of symptoms.

[Occult papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland with unusual neurologic symptoms].

We present a patient who had progressive cognitive decline and Jackson epileptic seizures and CT scan of nonspecific multiple cortical lesions. Post mortem examination revealed multiple cortical metastases of the brain and primary occult papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland. Solitary metastases of the left kidney and pulmonary lymphangitic spread were also present.

[80 years of hypophyseal surgery at the Sestre Milosrdnice Hospital].

Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital has celebrated its 155th anniversary. In this period, it has been the origin of Croatian medical masterminds and a place of numerous pioneer events. After V.

Permanent inflammatory effect of N-butylcyanoacrylate on vascular wall immunohistochemical analysis.

We report a case with atypical pattern and time course of inflammatory response after partial embolization of a cerebral arteriovenous malformation with N-butylcyanoacrylate (NBCA), examined by immunohistochemical analysis. This pathomorphological finding of permanent acute inflammation has not been previously reported in humans.

Unusual appearance of a cisternal hydatid cyst.

We herein describe a case of an isolated multilocular hydatid cyst occurring in the basilar cisterns, with nondependent levels of different signal intensities shown on MR images. Three portions were visualized on T1-weighted images: the hyperintense inferior aspect, the isointense central part, and the superior aspect of lower signal intensity. The inferior portion was hypointense on T2-weighted images.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry detecting NOS in healthy and chronically inflamed pulp.

The aim of this study was to examine the expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) activity in human dental pulps and determine whether there are changes of the activity in chronically inflamed pulp tissue. Nineteen pulps with clinical diagnosis of chronic pulpitis were collected during endodontic treatment. The healthy controls were obtained from teeth extracted for orthodontic therapy.

Lymphocytic adenohypophysitis simulating a pituitary adenoma in a pregnant woman.

The lymphocytic hypophysitis, appearing in women during the third trimester of pregnancy or early post-partum period, is a rare cause of hypopituitarism and pituitary enlargement. A 39 year-old woman presented in the 37th week of pregnancy with bilateral heteronymous quadrantanopsia, CT indicative of tumorous mass and symptoms of hypopituitarism with decreased thyroid hormone and thyrotrophin levels, and low normal level of cortisol. After the birth of a healthy male child the patient breastfed for 10 days, sight disturbances disappeared, but amenorrhea persisted.

Cerebral cysticercosis and echinococcosis: a preoperative diagnostic dilemma.

Background: Seven cases of neurocysticercosis and three cases of neuroechinococcosis with symptoms of elevated intracranial pressure requiring urgent neurosurgical treatment are described. No neuroradiologic procedure established exact diagnosis preoperatively; this was achieved by pathohistologic analysis of bioptic material.

Methods: Ten patients with duration of clinical symptoms ranging from 1 week to 1 month were operated on at the Department of Neurosurgery of Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital in Zagreb, Croatia during the period 1988-2000.

Syringoid eccrine carcinoma.

A rare case of a syringoid eccrine carcinoma in a 52-year-old male patient is described. During the first hospitalization, syringoma was diagnosed, both clinically and histologically, keeping in mind the possibility of its malignant alteration. Difficulties in making a diagnosis with histological and immunohistochemical examinations are reported.

Comparative immunohistochemical analysis of estrogen receptor and chromogranin-A reactivity in plurihormonal human prolactinomas.

The aim of the study was to compare the immunoreactivity of estrogen receptors (ER) and chromogranin-A (CHR-A) in human prolactinomas with verified plurihormonality. Eleven cases of prolactinomas, nine found in women aged from 15-32 and two found in two men both aged 54 years, were analyzed for possible colocalization of other hormones produced by adenohypophysis, i.e.

Color Doppler flow imaging of ocular tumors.

Aim: To analyze the usefulness of color Doppler flow imaging in the differentiation of benign and malign ocular tumors.

Methods: Blood flow in tumor and ocular blood vessels was assessed by color Doppler flow imaging in 20 patients with malignant melanoma of the uvea and 19 patients with cavernous hemangioma. Blood velocity measurements in orbital vessels in these patients were compared with the same measurements in 20 healthy individuals.

Concomitant bihemispheric cerebral ganglioglioma and hemangioma in an 18-month-old child: case report.

This is a rare case of concomitant bihemispheric cerebral ganglioglioma and hemangioma in an 18-month-old child. There were two identical processes; a combination of ganglioglioma and hemangioma was located in the parieto-occipital region of both cerebral hemispheres. The child underwent diagnostic computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging examinations for seizures and right-sided facial palsy, which showed the bilateral presence of parieto-occipital, oval, well-demarcated, subcortically located processes.

Frequency of skin cancer and other ultraviolet radiation provoked skin lesions of eyelid and periocular region in the 1981-1992 period.

It is well known that the region of eyelids and periocular skin is exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UV rays), so it is the location of skin changes associated with the effects of this radiation. The analysis of basal cell carcinomas, keratoses, keratoacanthomas and cornu cutaneum of this regions covered a 12-year period. In the total of 1,398 skin biopsies from the Department of Ophthalmology, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital from Zagreb, the above mentioned lesions were found in 498 cases.

Cortical distribution of gangliosides in Alzheimer's disease.

In Alzheimer's disease, all ganglio-series gangliosides (GM1, GD1a, GD1b and GT1b) were found to be decreased in temporal and frontal cortex, and nucleus basalis of Meynert. In addition, in Alzheimer's disease simple gangliosides (GM2, GM3) were elevated in frontal and parietal cortex, possibly correlating to accelerated lysosomal degradation of gangliosides and/or astrogliosis occurring during neuronal death.

Cavernous angioma in cavernous sinus: case report of a rare location.

A case of cavernous angioma situated in the left cavernous sinus is presented. Occasional difficulties in accessing correct preoperative diagnosis with computerized tomography and angiography were encountered. Intraoperative relationships of neural and vascular structures of the cavernous sinus and tumor mass are described.

Anaplastic ependymoma in children--increasing incidence?

During 1988 and 1989, 16 cases of ependymomas were diagnosed at the Department of Pathology, University Hospital "Sestre milosrdnice", Zagreb. The specimens were obtained from the Department of Neurosurgery of the same hospital. Seven tumors out of these 16 were supratentorial, four of them being diagnosed as anaplastic ependymomas.

Brain gangliosides in Alzheimer's disease.

The results demonstrated a statistically significant decrease of ganglio-series gangliosides (GTlb, GDlb, GDla, GMl, nmol lipid-bound sialic acid/mg DNA) in frontal and temporal cortex and basal telencephalon of brains with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in comparison to control brains (P less than 0.05). In addition, frontal and parietal cortex also showed somewhat elevated concentrations of simple gangliosides (GM2, GM3, GM4).