Robust memory humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in the tonsils of adults and children.

Background: Adaptive humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 has mainly been evaluated in peripheral blood. Human secondary lymphoid tissues (such as tonsils) contain large numbers of plasma cells that secrete immunoglobulins at mucosal sites. Yet, the role of mucosal memory immunity induced by vaccines or natural infection against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants is not fully understood.

Infection with SARS-CoV-2 primes immunological memory in human nasal-associated lymphoid tissue.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, has resulted in considerable morbidity and mortality in humans. Little is known regarding the development of immunological memory following SARS-CoV-2 infection or whether immunological memory can provide long-lasting protection against reinfection. Urgent need for vaccines is a considerable issue for all governments worldwide.

cell culture model of human nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) to evaluate the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins.

Unlabelled: To date, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to be considered a pandemic worldwide, with a mild to severe disease presentation that is sometimes associated with serious complications that are concerning to global health authorities. Scientists are working hard to understand the pathogenicity of this novel virus, and a great deal of attention and effort has been focused on identifying therapeutics and vaccines to control this pandemic.

Methods: This study used tonsils removed from twelve patients who underwent an elective tonsillectomy in the ear, nose, and throat (ENT) department at Saudi Germany Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.

Effect of a short term pulmonary rehabilitation programme on exercise capacity, pulmonary function and health related quality of life in patients with COPD.

Objectives: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been shown to benefit from pulmonary rehabilitation programmes. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the effects of a short-term pulmonary rehabilitation programme (PRP) on exercise capacity, pulmonary function and quality of life in patients with COPD.

Methods: A pre-test and post-test experimental design was conducted on patients from the outpatient physical therapy department.