Treacher Collins syndrome: A comprehensive review on clinical features, diagnosis, and management.

Treacher Collins syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that affects the bone development, resulting in significant craniofacial deformities. The syndrome is characterized by cleft palate, micrognathia, low-set or small ears, and sparse eyelashes. These characteristic symptoms guide for the diagnosis.

Glottic widening procedures (GWPs) to avoid tracheostomy in infants' bilateral vocal cord paralysis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of various glottic widening procedures (GWPs) in avoiding tracheostomy in infants with bilateral vocal cord paralysis (BVCP).

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from inception to July 2023, without any timeframe limitations. Studies reporting GWPs (Endoscopic anterior-posterior cricoid split, Botox injection, suture lateralization, and other procedures including laser posterior cordotomy/arytenoidectomy) in infants with BVCP were included.

Sclerotherapy vs. surgical excision for lymphatic malformations of the head and neck: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Lymphatic malformations (LMs) are abnormal lymphatic vessels with cystic characteristics, categorized as macrocystic, microcystic, or a combination of both. They represent the second most common vascular malformations, and their management involves multidisciplinary approaches based on clinical assessments and imaging studies. LMs manifest as a challenge to medical professionals in the head and neck, posing functional and aesthetic concerns.

Endoscopic balloon dilatation for pediatric subglottic stenosis: a meta-analysis of successful outcomes.

Objectives: The primary goal of this study was to systematically identify all relevant published articles on the use of primary endoscopic balloon dilation for the management of pediatric patients with subglottic stenosis, critically assess the technique's success, and determine which patients are the best candidates for the procedure.

Methodology: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis that aimed to investigate the use and success rate of EBD for treating pediatric SGS. An electronic systematic literature search of three major databases, PubMed, EBSCO, and Web of Science&MEDLINE through Clarivate, was conducted to include the eligible articles.

Comparison of Cochlear Implantation Complications with Subperiosteal Pocket Technique Versus Well-Drilling Technique in Pediatric Patients: A Retrospective Study.

Unlabelled: Cochlear implantation is becoming the standard treatment for rehabilitating patients with sensorineural hearing (SNH) impairment. Various techniques can be used to achieve this goal. In the current study, we compared the subperiosteal technique (SPT) with the development of a subperiosteal pocket without fixation to the well-drilling method (WD) by constructing an incision into the scalp with suture fixation.

Implications of Rigid Bronchoscopy: An Eight-Year Review in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.

Introduction: Rigid bronchoscopy is an endoscopic technique used to visualize the airway, and rigid bronchoscopy is performed for both diagnostic and therapeutic indications. We defined the clinical characteristics of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) patients undergoing bronchoscopy to establish a predictive model for early discharge from the PICU. Prediction can provide tangible aid in managing PICU patients.

The Association between Adenotonsillectomy and Frequency of Vaso-Occlusive Crises in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) typically manifests in early childhood as attacks of pain known as vaso-occlusive crises. Infection and hypoxemia have been linked with these recurrent episodes and with prolonged hospitalization in SCD patients. However, adenoids and tonsils as sources of infection and causes of hypoxemia have not been adequately investigated in association with vaso-occlusive crises in SCD.

The Association Between Vitamin D Level and PFAPA Syndrome: A Systematic Review.

Periodic Fever, Aphthous Ulcers, Pharyngitis and Adenitis (PFAPA) Syndrome's etiology is not well understood. The objective of this study is to explore the association between vitamin D level and PFAPA syndrome. A systematic review of all publications addressing the association between vitamin D level and PFAPA syndrome prior to May 2019 was conducted.

A Case-Control Study of Titanium and Fluoroplastic Ventilation Tubes.

Background Tympanostomy ventilation tube (VT) insertion is one of the most common procedures performed in otorhinolaryngology. VTs have been proven to effectively manage otitis media (OM) with effusion (OME) and to improve the quality of life of children postoperatively. Although there are multiple types of VT shapes, materials, and sizes, few studies have investigated and compared the effects of titanium VT with those of VTs made of other materials.

Impact of diabetes mellitus and co-morbidities on mortality in patients with COVID-19: A single-center retrospective study.

Objectives: To describe the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) on clinical outcomes of patients admitted with COVID-19 infection.

Methods: We carried out a single center, observational, retrospective study. We included adult patients with laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 admitted to a tertiary hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, from April 2020 to December 2020.

Treatment of Childhood High-Grade Subglottic Stenosis (SGS) Through Laryngotracheoplasty (LTP) in a Tertiary Pediatric Center from 2013 to 2020.

Laryngotracheal reconstruction is the most common and effective treatment in childhood subglottic stenosis (SGS). Our aim is to review the success rate of laryngotracheoplasty (LTP) in pediatric high grade SGS cases in our tertiary center. The retrospective review was conducted on children with high grade subglottic stenosis who had undergone laryngotracheoplasty over a 7-year period (2013-2020) in tertiary pediatric care.

Prophylactic Central Neck Dissection for Clinically Node-Negative Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.

Objective: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that scrutinized the oncological benefits and postsurgical complications of total thyroidectomy (TT) plus prophylactic central neck dissection (pCND) versus TT alone among clinically node-negative (cN0) papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients.

Methods: We screened five databases from inception to September 4, 2021 and evaluated the risk of bias of the eligible studies. We pooled dichotomous outcomes using the risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI).

Supraglottoplasty in the management of laryngomalacia in children with down syndrome: A systematic review.

Introduction: Children with Down syndrome (DS) who have Laryngomalacia represent a specific management challenge due to their inherent multiple levels of airway obstruction and hypotonia. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the outcome of supraglottoplasty (SGP) in children with DS.

Data Source: A systematic review was performed following the PRISMA guideline.

The Association Between Vitamin D Deficiency and Recurrent Tonsillitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objectives: The role of vitamin D deficiency has been linked with recurrent upper respiratory tract infections, but its impact on the frequency of tonsillitis is not yet fully understood. The objective of this study is to determine the association between vitamin D deficiency and recurrent tonsillitis based on current literature.

Data Source: A systematic review was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline.

Denture Impaction Causing an Upper Esophageal Diverticulum.

Background: Dentures are a common cause of inadvertent foreign body ingestion particularly in the elderly. Due to their radiolucent nature, they often present a diagnostic challenge to care providing physicians.

Case Presentation: A 66-year-old female presented to our otolaryngology clinic with a 2-year history of dysphagia.

Carotid Body Tumor with Skull Base Extension.

BACKGROUND Carotid body tumors are rare tumors that arise from the paraganglionic cells of the carotid body. They are usually benign, requiring surgical resection as the treatment of choice. CASE REPORT We present a case of a 59-year-old man with a benign left carotid body tumor that progressed to a very large size, compromised the patient's airway, completely encased the carotid vessels, vagus and hypoglossal nerves ipsilaterally, and reached the contralateral carotid vessels and ipsilateral skull base.

Accuracy of preoperative fine needle aspiration in diagnosis of malignant parotid tumors.

To determine the diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration (FNA) for detecting malignant parotid tumors. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of all patients diagnosed with benign or malignant parotid gland tumors in King Abdulaziz University Hospital,  Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, between January 2004 and May 2015. The records of 65 subjects were obtained.

Endoscopic anatomy of the lacrimal sac for dacryocystorhinostomy. A cadaveric study.

To assist the endoscopic localization of the lacrimal sac (LS)  relative to nearby landmarks. Methods: This is a descriptive prospective anatomical study. Sixteen lateral nasal walls were dissected endoscopically to identify and localize the LS between October and November 2015.

Comparison of two approaches to lateral nasal osteotomy in Saudi patients.

Background: Nasal deformity is an abnormality in the appearance of the nose due to either congenital defect or trauma. In traumatic cases, patients often present with combined functional and cosmetic complaints. Therefore, otolaryngologists take into account both breathing and aesthetic nasal issues.

Congenital Bilateral Saccular Cysts and Bifid Epiglottis: Presentation and Management.

Saccular disorders are rare representing only 1.5 % of all laryngeal anomalies. Bifid epiglottis is also an extremely rare congenital anomaly that usually occurs in a syndromic picture in association with other anomalies such as polydactyly, cleft palate and micrognathia, which are seen in Pallister-Hall Syndrome and rarely with other syndromes.

Kimura disease: No age or ethnicity limit.

Kimura disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that mainly manifests as a lump in the cervical region. Although the underlying pathophysiology is not clear yet, the diagnosis can be established based on specific histopathological characteristics. The first case of this disease was described in China, as well as the majority of subsequent cases that were also described in the Far East countries made Kimura disease traditionally a disease of adult patients of Asian descent.

Outcomes of Saudi Arabian Patients With Nasopharyngeal Cancer Treated With Primarily Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Followed by Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy.

Purpose: Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is the most common head and neck cancer in Saudi Arabia. This study reports the locoregional disease control and survival outcomes in patients with NPC treated in King Abdulaziz University Hospital.

Methods: Patients treated for NPC between June 2007 and October 2014 were retrospectively reviewed.

Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR): a comparative study between powered and non-powered technique.

Background: Dacrocystorhinostomy (DCR) is an operation used to treat nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Essentially there are two approaches: external and endoscopic. Several modalities are used in endoscopic DCR; all aiming to improve success rate, reduce complications, and shorten operative time.

Helical computed tomography scanning of the larynx and upper trachea in rabbits.

Background: Computed tomography (CT) is used to evaluate the human tracheobronchial tree because of its unsurpassed ability to visualize the airway and surrounding structures. To establish an ideal animal model for studying subglottic stenosis, we assessed the size and morphology of the normal rabbit's laryngotracheal airway by helical CT. We measured luminal dimensions at the levels of the arytenoid and cricoid cartilages and the first, third, and eighth tracheal rings.

Evaluating the therapeutic efficacy, tolerability, and safety of an aqueous extract of Costus speciosus rhizome in acute pharyngitis and acute tonsillitis. A pilot study.

Objectives: To determine the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of an aqueous extract of Costus speciosus (C. speciosus) rhizome in pediatric and adult patients suffering from acute pharyngitis and tonsillitis as an alternative to antibiotics use.

Methods: This pilot cohort trial was conducted at King Abdulaziz University in Saudi Arabia between May and December 2014, among 15 patients with acute pharyngitis and tonsillitis who were administered nasal drops of aqueous extract of C.