Assessment of Parental Risk Factors Involved in Orofacial Clefts in Hail, Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background Orofacial clefts are congenital anomalies affecting the development of the oral and facial structures, influenced by genetic and environmental factors. The prevalence of orofacial clefts varies globally, necessitating region-specific studies to understand contributing factors. Orofacial clefts are among the most common congenital defects affecting the head and neck, underscoring the importance of investigating paternal and maternal influences on their development to enhance awareness and understanding of potential contributing factors.