Targeting acetyl-CoA metabolism attenuates the formation of fear memories through reduced activity-dependent histone acetylation.

Histone acetylation is a key component in the consolidation of long-term fear memories. Histone acetylation is fueled by acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA), and recently, nuclear-localized metabolic enzymes that produce this metabolite have emerged as direct and local regulators of chromatin. In particular, acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2) mediates histone acetylation in the mouse hippocampus.

Heat-Stress Preconditioning Attenuates Behavioral Responses to Psychological Stress: The Role of HSP-70 in Modulating Stress Responses.

Exposure to high ambient temperature is a stressor that influences both biological and behavioral functions and has been previously shown to have an extensive impact on brain structure and function. Physiological, cellular and behavioral responses to heat-stress (HS) (40-41 °C, 2 h) were evaluated in adult male rats. The effect of HS exposure before predator-scent stress (PSS) exposure (i.

β-Alanine Supplementation Attenuates the Neurophysiological Response in Animals Exposed to an Acute Heat Stress.

The effect of 30 days of β-alanine supplementation on neurophysiological responses of animals exposed to an acute heat stress (HS) was examined. Animals were randomized to one of three groups; exposed to HS (120 min at 40-41 °C) and fed a normal diet (EXP;  = 12); EXP and supplemented with β-alanine (EXP + BA;  = 10); or not exposed (CTL;  = 10). Hippocampal (CA1, CA3 and DG) and hypothalamic (PVN) immunoreactive (ir) cell numbers of COX2, IBA-1, BDNF, NPY and HSP70 were analyzed.

Influence of muscle depth and thickness on ultrasound echo intensity of the vastus lateralis.

Background: Ultrasonography is used to evaluate muscle quality (i.e. echo intensity [EI]), but an attenuation of ultrasound waves occurs in deeper tissues, potentially affecting these measures.

Effects of Rest Position on Morphology of the Vastus Lateralis and Its Relationship with Lower-Body Strength and Power.

Ultrasonography of the lower body typically encompasses supine rest due to fluid shifts affecting tissue size and composition. However, vastus lateralis (VL) examination is completed in the lateral recumbent position, and this positional change may influence morphology and its ability to predict function. This study aimed to examine the effect of position on VL morphology and its relationship with lower-body performance.