Histological changes in skeletal muscle induced by heart failure in human patients and animal models: A scoping review.

Objective: This scoping review aimed to characterize the histological changes in skeletal muscle after heart failure (HF) and to identify gaps in knowledge.

Methods: On April 03, 2024, systematic searches were performed for papers in which histological analyses were conducted on skeletal muscle sampled from patients with HF or animal models of HF. Screening and data extraction were conducted by two independent authors.

Association between physical function and parameters of hip structural analysis in patients with hip fracture.

Objectives: The current study sought to investigate whether physical function and activity were associated with hip structural analysis (HSA) parameters on the non-fracture side of patients with hip fractures.

Methods: Participants were patients with unilateral hip fracture treated by surgery. HSA of the proximal femur was conducted based on dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry data.

Exploratory study of factors associated with probable respiratory sarcopenia in elderly subjects.

Background: The diagnostic criteria for respiratory sarcopenia have been recently reported. However, no studies have clarified the characteristics of skeletal muscle impairment of the limbs in subjects with respiratory sarcopenia. This study aimed to explore the factors, including skeletal muscle, associated with probable respiratory sarcopenia in elderly subjects.

Effects of sex differences on osteoarthritic changes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in rats.

The prevalence of primary osteoarthritis is higher in females than males. However, it remains unclear if there are sex differences in the incidence of post-traumatic osteoarthritis after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of sex on osteoarthritic changes after ACL reconstruction using an animal model.

Long-term effects of non-weight bearing and immobilization after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction on joint contracture formation in rats.

Purpose: Non-weight bearing improves and immobilization worsens contracture induced by anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), but effect persistence after reloading and remobilization remains unclear, and the combined effects of these factors on ACLR-induced contracture are unknown. We aimed to determine 1) whether the effects of short-term (2-week) non-weight bearing or immobilization after ACLR on contracture would be sustained by reloading or remobilization during a 10-week observation period, and 2) how the combination of both interventions compared to the outcome of either alone.

Methods: We divided 88 ACL-reconstructed male rats into four groups: non-intervention, non-weight bearing, joint immobilization, and both interventions.

Elucidation of productive alanine recognition mechanism by Escherichia coli alanyl-tRNA synthetase.

Alanyl-tRNA synthetase (AlaRS) incorrectly recognizes both a slightly smaller glycine and a slightly larger serine in addition to alanine, and the probability of incorrect identification is extremely low at 1/300 and 1/170, respectively. Alanine is the second smallest amino acid after glycine; however, the mechanism by which AlaRS specifically identifies small differences in side chains with high accuracy remains unknown. In this study, using a malachite green assay, we aimed to elucidate the alanine recognition mechanism of a fragment (AlaRS368N) containing only the amino acid activation domain of Escherichia coli AlaRS.

Improvement of muscle quality assessed using the phase angle is influenced by recovery of knee extension strength in patients with hip fractures.

Background And Aims: Studies reported that knee extension strength on the operated side in patients with hip fractures was not recovered to the level on the non-operated side 6 months after surgery or later. In a cross-sectional study, we revealed that a reduction in isometric knee extension muscle strength on the operated side in patients with hip fractures approximately 6 months after surgery was associated with not only a reduction in skeletal muscle mass but also a reduction in muscle quality, characterized by a reduction in the phase angle (PhA). Furthermore, the mechanisms of knee extension strength improvement can be clarified in more detail using the minimal significant change as the index of recovery.

Not only muscle mass but also muscle quality is associated with knee extension muscle strength in patients with hip fractures.

Unlabelled: Our results revealed that the decrease in isometric knee extension muscle strength on the operated and nonoperated sides in patients with hip fractures was associated with not only a decrease in skeletal muscle mass but also a decrease in muscle quality, characterized by a decreased PhA.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the relationship between isometric knee extension muscle strength on the operated or nonoperated sides and PhA in patients with hip fractures at approximately 6 months postoperatively.

Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study.

Phase Angle Is Associated With Handgrip Strength in Older Patients With Heart Failure.

Objective: To assess the relationships between phase angle and muscle mass, strength, and physical function in patients with heart failure.

Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. The analysis included 51 patients with heart failure.

Reduced upper and lower limb muscle strengths without reduced skeletal muscle in elderly patients with heart failure.

This study aimed to characterize the muscle strength and skeletal muscle mass of patients with heart failure by investigating hand-grip strength, five times sit-to-stand (5STS) results, and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI). Muscle strength was assessed based on hand-grip strength and 5STS, while skeletal muscle mass was assessed using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer. Hierarchical logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the association between patients with heart failure and healthy elderly individuals.

Frailty in elderly patients with acute heart failure increases readmission.

Background: The readmission rate of heart failure (HF) patients has not decreased during the past few years.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine whether factors such as left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and frailty are associated with readmission and number of readmissions in HF patients.

Methods: First, a propensity score matching method was used to adjust for confounding factors for readmission.

Movement control during one-leg standing is important for the bone mineral density maintenance or improvement.

Introduction: Both hip fracture and bone mineral density (BMD) decline on the non-fractured side are more likely to occur within 1 year. However, there are no longitudinal study reports on the factors associated with BMD maintenance or improvement within the first year after hip fracture. This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing the neck BMD maintenance or improvement in patients with hip fractures from within 2 weeks-6 months after surgery.

Peptide Bond Formation between Aminoacyl-Minihelices by a Scaffold Derived from the Peptidyl Transferase Center.

The peptidyl transferase center (PTC) in the ribosome is composed of two symmetrically arranged tRNA-like units that contribute to peptide bond formation. We prepared units of the PTC components with putative tRNA-like structure and attempted to obtain peptide bond formation between aminoacyl-minihelices (primordial tRNAs, the structures composed of a coaxial stack of the acceptor stem on the T-stem of tRNA). One of the components of the PTC, P1c2 (74-mer), formed a dimer and a peptide bond was formed between two aminoacyl-minihelices tethered by the dimeric P1c2.

Bilateral muscle atrophy after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in rats: Protective effects of anti-inflammatory drug celecoxib.

Background: Muscle atrophy after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction occurs bilaterally and contributes to a decrease in muscle strength. However, effective treatment strategies for ACL reconstruction-induced muscle atrophy have not been established. We examined the effects of anti-inflammatory drug on muscle atrophy after ACL reconstruction.

Marrow adipose tissue accumulation and dysgenesis of the trabecular bone after anterior cruciate ligament transection and reconstruction in the rat proximal tibial epiphysis.

The accumulation of marrow adipose tissue (MAT) is frequently associated with bone loss. Although anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury induces bone loss, MAT accumulation after ACL injury has not been evaluated. In addition, no information about changes in MAT after ACL reconstruction is available.

Association of muscle mass and quality with hand grip strength in elderly patients with heart failure.

In patients with heart failure, it is unknown whether the extracellular water (ECW)/intracellular water (ICW) ratio is associated with muscle strength, and thus, it is not well understood whether poor muscle quality contributes to muscular weakness. This study examined the relationship among hand grip strength, skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), and upper limb ECW/ICW ratio in patients with heart failure. This study followed a cross-sectional design.

Interactive effects of exercise and sleep on frailty severity in community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study.

This study examined the effects of the interaction between exercise and sleep on frailty severity in community-dwelling older adults. This was a cross-sectional study. Data were collected in July 2019.

Daily activity relates to not only femoral bone mineral density, but also hip structural analysis parameters: A cross-sectional observational study.

Objectives: Physical activity to maintain bone mass and strength is important for hip fracture prevention. We aim to investigate the relationship between physical performance/activity status and bone mineral density (BMD)/hip structural analysis (HSA) parameters among postmenopausal women in Japan.

Methods: Sixty-two postmenopausal women diagnosed with osteoporosis (mean age: 72.

Crystal structure of Nanoarchaeum equitans tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase and its aminoacylation activity toward tRNA with an extra guanosine residue at the 5'-terminus.

tRNA of Nanoarchaeum equitans has a remarkable feature with an extra guanosine residue at the 5'-terminus. However, the N. equitans tRNA mutant without extra guanosine at the 5'-end was tyrosylated by tyrosyl-tRNA synthase (TyrRS).

Amino acid activation analysis of primitive aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases encoded by both strands of a single gene using the malachite green assay.

The Rodin-Ohno hypothesis postulates that two classes of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases were encoded complementary to double-stranded DNA. Particularly, Geobacillus stearothermophilus tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (TrpRS, belonging to class I) and Escherichia coli histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HisRS, belonging to class II) show high complementarity of the middle base of the codons in the mRNA sequence encoding each ATP binding site. Here, for the reported 46-residue peptides designed from the three-dimensional structures of TrpRS and HisRS, amino acid activation analysis was performed using the malachite green assay, which detects the pyrophosphate departing from ATP in the forward reaction of the first step of tRNA aminoacylation.

Physical Functions and Comorbidity Affecting Collapse at 4 or More Weeks after Admission in Patients with Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Study Design: A prospective cohort study.

Purpose: This study aimed to reveal physical functions and comorbidity affecting collapse at ≥4 weeks after hospital admission of patients with osteoporotic vertebral fracture.

Overview Of Literature: Only a few studies have investigated the influence of physical function and activity on collapse in patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures.

Factors Affecting Quality of Life at Discharge among Patients with Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify factors, including physical functions and activities that affect quality of life (QOL) at discharge among patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures.

Methods: Patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures were included in our prospective cohort study. Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the predictors of QOL at discharge using two models: model 1, basic medical information and physical functions at admission, and model 2, basic medical information, physical function, and activity after 4 weeks of admission.

Association between movement control during one-leg standing and femoral BMD in patients with hip fractures.

Introduction: Prior studies have focused only on the temporal component of one-leg standing, no reports have examined the relationship between the qualitative components of one-leg standing and femoral BMD. Thus, this study investigated whether quality (i.e.