Preoperative cerebral and renal oxygen saturation and clinical outcomes in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease.

We examined the predictability of preoperative cerebral and renal rSO values for outcomes in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Patients who underwent pediatric cardiac surgery under CPB between September 2015 and September 2017 were enrolled in this study. Patients monitored with both cerebral and renal rSO at the beginning of surgery were included.

Environmental high-voltage S/TEM combined with a quadrupole mass spectrometer for concurrent in situ structural characterization and detection of product gas molecules associated with chemical reactions.

We introduce herein a combined environmental high-voltage electron microscope and a quadrupole mass spectrometer to detect product gas species associated with chemical reactions occurring in the microscope, which allows new operando experiments of, for instance, observing catalytic reactions by concurrent high-resolution transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation. We demonstrate the preliminary results of redox reactions, where the product gas species are unambiguously detected, associated with the expected structural transformations observed with TEM.

A simple biofuel cell cathode with human red blood cells as electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction.

A red blood cell (RBC) from human exhibited direct electron transfer (DET) activity on a bare indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode. A formal potential of -0.152 V vs.