Rhodium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Silicon-Bridged 1,2-Dialkenylbenzenes via 1,4-Rhodium Migration.

An efficient synthesis of 1,3-dialkylidene-2,3-dihydro-1 H-benzo[ c]siloles, a new type of silicon-bridged π-conjugated compounds, was developed from a simple substrate combination of dialkynylsilanes and arylboronic acids under rhodium catalysis through the use of 1,4-rhodium migration. The reaction pathway was probed by deuterium-labeling experiments, and the use of o-tolylboronic acids led to the formation of 6-membered silacycles via 1,5-rhodium migration.

Blue organic light-emitting diodes realizing external quantum efficiency over 25% using thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters.

Improving the performance of blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) is needed for full-colour flat-panel displays and solid-state lighting sources. The use of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) is a promising approach to efficient blue electroluminescence. However, the difficulty of developing efficient blue TADF emitters lies in finding a molecular structure that simultaneously incorporates (i) a small energy difference between the lowest excited singlet state (S) and the lowest triplet state (T), ΔE , (ii) a large oscillator strength, f, between S and the ground state (S), and (iii) S energy sufficiently high for blue emission.

Nonhost resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana against Alternaria alternata involves both pre- and postinvasive defenses but is collapsed by AAL-toxin in the absence of LOH2.

The tomato pathotype of Alternaria alternata causes Alternaria stem canker on tomato depending upon the production of the host-specific AAL-toxin. Host defense mechanisms to A. alternata, however, are largely unknown.

Gpr1, a putative G-protein-coupled receptor, regulates morphogenesis and hypha formation in the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans.

In response to various extracellular signals, the morphology of the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans switches from yeast to hypha form. Here, we report that GPR1 encoding a putative G-protein-coupled receptor and GPA2 encoding a Galpha subunit are required for hypha formation and morphogenesis in C. albicans.