Analysis of urinary function and prostate volume changes in localized prostate cancer patients treated with carbon-ion radiotherapy; a prospective study.

Background: The potential of carbon ion radiation therapy (CIRT) as a curative treatment for localized prostate cancer (PCa) has garnered attention due to its characteristic dose distribution. We prospectively collected and analyzed over five years to investigate the outcomes of localized PCa treated with CIRT at our institution.

Patients And Methods: The study included patients with histologically confirmed prostate adenocarcinoma.

The prognostic effect of tumor volume, reduction ratio, and cumulative doses on external beam radiotherapy with central-shielding method and image-guided adaptive brachytherapy for cervical cancer.

Objective: To evaluate the prognostic effect of tumor volume at diagnosis, tumor reduction ratio during external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) with central-shielding method, and cumulative minimal dose to 90% of the high-risk clinical target volume (CTV D) on combined EBRT and image-guided adaptive brachytherapy (IGABT) for cervical cancer.

Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent definitive radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer at Gunma University Hospital between January 2010 and December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Tumor volume at diagnosis and reduction ratio were calculated using magnetic resonance imaging at diagnosis and before the first IGABT session.

Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy with Simultaneous Integrated Boost for Clinically Node-Positive Prostate Cancer: A Single-Institutional Retrospective Study.

This study aimed to evaluate clinical outcomes and the toxicity of intensity-modulated radiation therapy with simultaneous integrated boost (SIB-IMRT) combined with androgen-deprivation therapy for clinically node-positive (cN1) prostate cancer. We retrospectively analyzed 97 patients with cN1 prostate cancer who received SIB-IMRT between June 2008 and October 2017 at our hospital. The prescribed dosages delivered to the prostate and seminal vesicle, elective node area, and residual lymph nodes were 69, 54, and 60 Gy in 30 fractions, respectively.

Clinical features and dosimetric evaluation of carbon ion radiation-induced osteoradionecrosis of mandible in head and neck tumors.

Background And Purpose: Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) affects the patient's quality of life by making eating and maintaining oral hygiene painful. This study aimed to analyze carbon ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT)-induced ORN of the mandible.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study of 199 patients with head and neck tumors treated with C-ion RT was performed from 2010 to 2019.

Prospective Evaluation of Quality of Life and Functional Outcomes after Carbon Ion Radiotherapy for Inoperable Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas.

Carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) represents a definitive treatment for inoperable bone and soft tissue sarcoma (BSTS). This prospective study analyzed 61 patients with inoperable BSTS who were treated with CIRT to evaluate QOL, functional outcomes, and predictive factors in patients with inoperable BSTS treated with definitive CIRT. The Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) scoring system and the Short Form (SF)-8 questionnaire were completed before and at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after CIRT.

Rectovaginal fistula in a cervical cancer patient treated with sequential radiotherapy and bevacizumab: A dose-volume analysis.

Bevacizumab is a monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor that exerts antitumor effect by preventing tumor angiogenesis. Gastrointestinal fistula is a common side effect of bevacizumab in combination with radiotherapy. This case of rectovaginal fistula indicates that the side effect may be unpredictable by the conventional dose-volume parameters for the rectum.

Analysis of radiotherapy-induced alteration of CD8 T cells and PD-L1 expression in patients with uterine cervical squamous cell carcinoma.

Radiotherapy induces an immune response in the cancer microenvironment that may influence clinical outcome. The present study aimed to analyse the alteration of CD8 T-cell infiltration and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression following radiotherapy in clinical samples from patients with uterine cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Additionally, the current study sought to analyse the association between these immune responses and clinical outcomes.

Carbon-ion Radiotherapy for Oligometastatic Colorectal Cancer in the Liver or Lung.

Background/aim: We aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of oligometastatic colorectal cancer in the liver and lung treated with carbon-ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT).

Patients And Methods: Nineteen consecutive patients with oligometastatic colorectal cancer in the liver or lung who received C-ion RT were analyzed. The doses of C-ion RT were 60.

Impact of Carbon Ion Radiotherapy on Inoperable Bone Sarcoma.

Management of patients with bone sarcoma who are unsuitable for surgery is challenging. We aimed to analyze the clinical outcomes among such patients who were treated with carbon ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT). We reviewed the medical records of the patients treated with C-ion RT between April 2011 and February 2019 and analyzed the data of 53 patients.

The effects of PSA kinetics on the outcome of hypofractionated salvage radiotherapy for biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer after prostatectomy.

The feasibility and efficacy of hypofractionated salvage radiotherapy (HS-RT) for prostate cancer (PC) with biochemical recurrence (BR) after prostatectomy, and the usefulness of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) kinetics as a predictor of BR, were evaluated in 38 patients who received HS-RT without androgen deprivation therapy between May 2009 and January 2017. Their median age, PSA level and PSA doubling time (PSA-DT) at the start of HS-RT were 68 (53-74) years, 0.28 (0.

Oral Gastrografin Facilitates Delineation of Intestinal Tracts in CT-Based Brachytherapy for Uterine Cervical Cancer.

Three-dimensional image-guided brachytherapy (3D-IGBT) using computed tomography (CT) is an essential component of definitive radiation therapy for uterine cervical cancer (UCC). Treatment planning for CT-based 3D-IGBT requires delineating the high-risk clinical target volume (CTV) and the organs at risk (OARs), which is difficult when the small intestine is adjacent to those delineation targets. Uncertainty in target delineation threatens the validity of 3D-IGBT treatment plans.

Treatment outcomes of patients with adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix after definitive radiotherapy and the prognostic impact of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ lymphocytes in pre-treatment biopsy specimens: a multi-institutional retrospective study.

The current study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of patients with adenocarcinoma (AC) of the uterine cervix after definitive radiotherapy (RT) and to evaluate prognostic factors, including immunity-related molecules. A total of 71 patients with AC of the uterine cervix from multiple Japanese institutions were retrospectively analysed. Histological subtypes were diagnosed according to the 2014 World Health Organization classification.

Comparison of Dose Distributions When Using Carbon Ion Radiotherapy Versus Intensity-modulated Radiotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma With Macroscopic Vascular Invasion: A Retrospective Analysis.

Background/aim: This study compared the dose distributions of carbon ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT) and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in patients with locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (LAHCC).

Patients And Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted in 10 consecutive patients with LAHCC who had undergone C-ion RT. The dose-volume histogram parameters of clinical plans using C-ion RT at 60 Gy and simulated plans using IMRT at 60 Gy and 50 Gy were compared.

FGFR Signaling as a Candidate Therapeutic Target for Cancers Resistant to Carbon Ion Radiotherapy.

Radiotherapy is an essential component of cancer therapy. Carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) promises to improve outcomes compared with standard of care in many cancers. Nevertheless, clinicians often observe in-field recurrence after CIRT.

Deep learning-assisted literature mining for in vitro radiosensitivity data.

Background And Purpose: Integrated analysis of existing radiosensitivity data obtained by the gold-standard clonogenic assay has the potential to improve our understanding of cancer cell radioresistance. However, extraction of radiosensitivity data from the literature is highly labor-intensive. To aid in this task, using deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and other computer technologies, we developed an analysis pipeline that extracts radiosensitivity data derived from clonogenic assays from the literature.

Prospective Observational Study of High-Dose Carbon-Ion Radiotherapy for Pelvic Recurrence of Rectal Cancer (GUNMA 0801).

Favorable clinical outcomes of carbon-ion radiotherapy for pelvic recurrence of rectal cancer have been described by previous prospective phase I/II and II studies; however, these studies were performed at a single institution. Therefore, we conducted a prospective observational study aimed at exploring whether carbon-ion radiotherapy for post-operative pelvic recurrence of rectal cancer provides a less invasive local treatment strategy with higher cure rates than other anticancer treatments. Patients (1) with pelvic recurrence of rectal cancer, as confirmed by histology or diagnostic imaging; (2) without distant metastasis; (3) who had undergone curative resection of their primary disease and regional lymph nodes, without gross or microscopic residual disease; and (4) with radiographically measurable tumors were included in this study.

A comparison of carbon ion radiotherapy and transarterial chemoembolization treatment outcomes for single hepatocellular carcinoma: a propensity score matching study.

Background: We compared clinical outcomes of carbon ion radiotherapy and transarterial chemoembolization in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Methods: Data of 477 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who had undergone carbon ion radiotherapy or transarterial chemoembolization between April 2007 and September 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Treatment naïve patients with single HCC, who underwent carbon ion radiotherapy or transarterial chemoembolization as a primary treatment were included.

Carbon-ion radiotherapy for lymph node oligo-recurrence: a multi-institutional study by the Japan Carbon-Ion Radiation Oncology Study Group (J-CROS).

Background: The efficacy of carbon-ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT) for lymph node (LN) oligo-recurrence has only been evaluated in limited single-center studies. We aimed to investigate the benefit of C-ion RT for LN oligo-recurrence in a large multi-center study.

Methods: Patients who received C-ion RT between December 1996 and December 2015 at 4 participating facilities and who met the following eligibility criteria were included: (i) histological or clinical diagnosis of LN recurrence; (ii) controlled primary lesion; (iii) no recurrence other than LN; (iv) LN recurrence involved in a single lymphatic site; and (v) age ≥ 20 years.

Long-term outcome of hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy using TomoTherapy for localized prostate cancer: A retrospective study.

Background: Recently, the clinical outcome of prostate cancer treated by hypofractionated radiation therapy has been reported. However, there are few reports from Japan. In Hidaka Hospital, hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy (HIMRT) for prostate cancer was initiated in 2007.

Tumor-specific CD8-positive T cell-mediated antitumor immunity is implicated in the antitumor effect of local hyperthermia.

Purpose: This study aimed to elucidate the contribution of T cell-mediated antitumor immunity in the antitumor effect of local hyperthermia (LH).

Materials And Methods: C57BL/6J mice were injected with the mouse lymphoma cell line, E.G7-OVA, in the right femur on day 0.

Effects of Charged Particles on Human Tumor Cells.

The use of charged particle therapy in cancer treatment is growing rapidly, in large part because the exquisite dose localization of charged particles allows for higher radiation doses to be given to tumor tissue while normal tissues are exposed to lower doses and decreased volumes of normal tissues are irradiated. In addition, charged particles heavier than protons have substantial potential clinical advantages because of their additional biological effects, including greater cell killing effectiveness, decreased radiation resistance of hypoxic cells in tumors, and reduced cell cycle dependence of radiation response. These biological advantages depend on many factors, such as endpoint, cell or tissue type, dose, dose rate or fractionation, charged particle type and energy, and oxygen concentration.

Carbon-ion Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer: Analysis of Morbidities and Change in Health-related Quality of Life.

Aim: To prospectively evaluate the feasibility of carbon-ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT) for prostate cancer using a new compact-sized accelerator.

Patients And Methods: Seventy-six patients underwent C-ion RT at our center using a recommended dose fractionation of 57.6 GyE in 16 fractions established at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences.

Clinical outcomes of helical tomotherapy for super-elderly patients with localized and locally advanced prostate cancer: comparison with patients under 80 years of age.

We investigated the clinical outcomes of helical tomotherapy in 23 patients aged ≥80 years with localized and locally advanced prostate cancer and compared the results with data from 171 patients under 80 years. All patients received helical tomotherapy in our hospital between September 2009 and October 2012. The median follow-up periods were 35 months in the aged group and 34 months in the younger group.