Suppression of Glucocorticoid Response in Stressed Mice Using 50 Hz Electric Field According to Immobilization Degree and Posture.

Various studies on immobilized BALB/c mice to evaluate changes in hormone levels associated with stress responses have advanced the characterization of multiple aspects of the biological actions of extremely low-frequency (ELF) electric fields (EFs). In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of mouse posture on its stress responses and evaluate the importance of adjusting the stress degree in the model. Mice were immobilized inside centrifuge tubes and exposed to an ELF EF generated between parallel plate electrodes.

Gender and Age Differences in the Suppressive Effect of a 50 Hz Electric Field on the Immobilization-Induced Increase of Plasma Glucocorticoid in Mice.

We developed an experimental system to characterize the suppressive effect of extremely low-frequency (ELF) electric fields (EFs) on the stress response. We assessed differences in the EF effects by age and gender. Control, EF-alone, immobilization-alone, and co-treated groups were subjected to an EF (50 Hz, 10 kV/m).

Characterization of the suppressive effects of extremely-low-frequency electric fields on a stress-induced increase in the plasma glucocorticoid level in mice.

We recently suggested that an increase in the plasma glucocorticoid (GC) level in immobilized mice is suppressed by a 50-Hz electric field (EF) in an EF strength-dependent manner. The present study aimed to assess the anti-stress effect of EFs in three scenarios: exposure to an EF of either 50 or 60 Hz, which are the standard power frequencies in most regions; varying levels of environmental brightness during EF exposure; complete or partial shielding of the mouse from the EF. We compared the GC levels and blood parameters among control, EF-alone, immobilization-alone, and co-treatment groups.

Configuration-dependent variability of the effect of an electric field on the plasma glucocorticoid level in immobilized mice.

We recently reported that an immobilization stress-induced increase in glucocorticoid (GC) level was suppressed in mice exposed to an electric field (EF) of 50 Hz in a kV/m-dependent manner. In this study, we investigated the reproducibility of the suppressive effect induced by EF exposure by varying the voltage and distance between the electrodes (0.5 kV/50 mm, 1 kV/100 mm, 2 kV/200 mm) and comparing the effects on the plasma GC level.

Time-dependent changes in the suppressive effect of electric field exposure on immobilization-induced plasma glucocorticoid increase in mice.

We recently reported that increased glucocorticoid (GC) levels in immobilized mice were suppressed by exposure to a 50-Hz electric field (EF) in kV/m-dependent and exposure duration-dependent manners. Here, we characterized time-dependent changes in the effect of EF exposure in immobilized mice. Using control, EF-alone, immobilization-alone, and co-treated groups, plasma GC levels, and blood properties were first measured (0-60 min) to observe changes induced by each treatment and measured again (60-120 min) to assess recovery from each treatment.

Exposure to 50 Hz electric fields reduces stress-induced glucocorticoid levels in BALB/c mice in a kV/m- and duration-dependent manner.

Electric fields (EFs) can reduce elevated levels of stress-related hormones in some organisms. In this study, endocrine effects of exposure to a 50 Hz EF were investigated in male BALB/c mice. Specifically, plasma glucocorticoid (GC) levels were examined because GC is known to mediate the stress response in mice, including changes induced by immobilization.

Effect of 50 Hz electric field in diacylglycerol acyltransferase mRNA expression level and plasma concentration of triacylglycerol, free fatty acid, phospholipid and total cholesterol.

Background: The effects of exposure to a 50 Hz electric field (EF) on plasma level of triacylglycerol, free fatty acids, total cholesterol and phospholipid and mRNA expression level of diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) 1 and 2 in liver and intestines from C57BL/6 J mice were studied.

Methods: The test was based on comparison between mice post treated with 50 Hz EF of 45 kV/m intensity for 30 min per day for 11 days or without EF. DGATs mRNA expression was analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Induced spreading depression evokes cell division of astrocytes in the subpial zone, generating neural precursor-like cells and new immature neurons in the adult cerebral cortex.

Background And Purpose: New immature neurons appear out of the germinative zone, in cortical Layers V to VI, after induced spreading depression in the adult rat brain. Because neural progenitors have been isolated in the cortex, we set out to determine whether a subgroup of mature cells in the adult cortex has the potential to divide and generate neural precursors.

Methods: We examined the expression of endogenous markers of mitotic activity, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and vimentin as a marker for neuronal progenitor cells, if any, in the adult rat cortex after spreading depression stimulation.

Genetic increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels enhances learning and memory.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophin, is known to promote neuronal differentiation stimulating neurite outgrowth in the developing CNS, and is also known to modulate synaptic plasticity, thereby contributing to learning and memory in the mature brain. Here, we investigated the role of increased levels of intracerebral BDNF in learning and memory function. Using genetically engineered transgenic BDNF overexpressing mice (RTG-BDNF), young adult, homozygous (+/+), heterozygous (+/-), or wild-type (-/-) littermates, we analyzed escape latency to a hidden-platform and swimming velocity in the Morris Water Maze test (MWM) with modifications for the mice.

Effect of electric field in conditioned aversion response.

The aim of the present study was to estimate whether rat sense exogenous electric field (EF) including one used in our previous studies. Employing a conditioned place aversion response paradigm based on an aversive behavior against light environment, alteration in both voluntary behavior of Wistar rat to a 50 Hz sinusoidal EF was examined. Following conditioning without EF, the times spent in white place in rats was significantly shortened (P<0.

Repeated application of an electric field increases BDNF in the brain, enhances spatial learning, and induces infarct tolerance.

Development of a safe method to increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the brain is expected to have utility in enhancing learning and memory, in protecting the brain, and in suppressing appetite. We investigated the effects of whole-body exposure to high voltage electric potential (HELP), which generates an electric field and current density in the body, on BDNF levels in the brain, spatial learning, or resistance to cerebral infarction development after focal ischemia. Adult mice (C57BL/6J) were exposed to 3.

Effects of exposure to a 50 Hz electric field on plasma levels of lactate, glucose, free Fatty acids, triglycerides and creatine phosphokinase activity in hind-limb ischemic rats.

We previously reported that extremely low frequency electric fields (ELF-EFs) affect energy metabolism in stressed conditions. To further confirm this, the effect of exposure to ELF-EFs on the experimental ischemic rat was examined. The test was based on a comparison of rats treated with EF alone, ischemic surgery alone, the combination of EF with ischemic surgery, or no treatment (double sham).

Effects of a 50 Hz electric field on plasma lipid peroxide level and antioxidant activity in rats.

The effects of exposure to extremely low frequency electric fields (ELF EFs) on plasma lipid peroxide levels and antioxidant activity (AOA) in Sprague-Dawley rats were studied. The test was based on comparisons among rats treated with a combination of the oxidizing agent, 2,2'-azobis(2-aminopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) and 50 Hz EF of 17.5 kV/m intensity for 15 min per day for 7 days, AAPH alone, EF alone or no treatment.

Exposure of C57BL/6J male mice to an electric field improves copulation rates with superovulated females.

It is well-known that there are considerable strain differences in the relative copulation rates between male and superovulated female mice. In particular, the C57BL/6J strain of mice has a lower rate of successful copulation. We examined the effect of exposure to an electric field on sexual behavior in C57BL/6J male mice.