Treatment of lung adenocarcinoma with chemotherapy helps mitigate chronic myeloid leukaemia progression: A case report.

Treatment outcomes for inoperable advanced non-small cell lung cancer have improved in recent years. However, information on coexisting haematological tumours is lacking. The present patient was a 65-year-old woman with stage IVA lung adenocarcinoma.

Splenectomy prevents brain orexin, ghrelin, or oxytocin but not GLP-1-induced improvement of intestinal barrier function in rats.

Background: Accumulating evidence has suggested that neuropeptides such as orexin, ghrelin, or oxytocin act centrally in the brain to regulate intestinal barrier function through the vagus nerve. It has been reported that the vagal cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway was blocked by splenectomy. In the present study, we therefore examined the effect of splenectomy on neuropeptides-induced improvement of increased intestinal permeability.

Brain histamine improves colonic hyperpermeability through the basal forebrain cholinergic neurons, adenosine A2B receptors and vagus nerve in rats.

Intestinal barrier dysfunction, leaky gut, is implicated in various diseases, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's disease. Our recent investigation revealed that basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs), critical for cognitive function, receive signals from butyrate and orexin, playing a role in regulating intestinal barrier function through adenosine A2B signaling and the vagus. This study explores the involvement and function of brain histamine, linked to BFCNs, in the regulation of intestinal barrier function.

Monitoring mutant KRAS in plasma cell-free DNA can predict disease progression in a patient with multiple myeloma: A case report.

Background And Aims: Multiple myeloma (MM), a neoplasm of plasma cells (PCs), is a highly heterogeneous disease with multifocal dissemination throughout the body. Minimal residual disease (MRD) detected using PCs in bone marrow (BM) is important for MM management; however, frequent invasive examinations impose a significant burden on patients.

Methods: Analysis using plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) might represent an alternative tool for disease monitoring.

[Successful rituximab treatment of TAFRO syndrome refractory to glucocorticoids and tocilizumab].

A 53-year-old man was presented with fever, eyelid edema, and thrombocytopenia. Based on examination outcomes, he was diagnosed with immune thrombocytopenia. He was prescribed prednisolone (PSL) at 0.

Ghrelin prevents lethality in a rat endotoxemic model through central effects on the vagal pathway and adenosine A2B signaling : Brain ghrelin and anti-septic action.

Accumulating evidence suggest that ghrelin plays a role as an antiseptic peptide. The present study aimed to clarify whether the brain may be implicated ghrelin's antiseptic action. We examined the effect of brain ghrelin on survival in a novel endotoxemic model achieved by treating rats with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and colchicine.

Centrally administered GLP-1 analogue improves intestinal barrier function through the brain orexin and the vagal pathway in rats.

Leaky gut, an altered intestinal barrier function, has been described in many diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We have recently demonstrated that orexin in the brain blocked leaky gut in rats, suggesting that the brain plays a role in regulation of intestinal barrier function. In the present study, we tried to clarify whether GLP-1 acts centrally in the brain to regulate intestinal barrier function and its mechanism.

Perioperative Management of a Patient With Tongue Cancer Who Developed Pneumomediastinum Following Tracheostomy Performed to Secure the Airway.

Prior to a scheduled operation for a 45-year-old male patient with tongue cancer, a tracheotomy performed under intravenous sedation to prevent asphyxia due to extensive bleeding resulted in pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema. The planned operations were postponed until reduction of the pneumomediastinum was confirmed. During operation, airway pressure was kept low to prevent tension pneumomediastinum along with a sufficient depth of anesthesia, controlled analgesia, and continuous administration of muscle relaxants.

The role of left insula mediating impaired error processing in response inhibition in adult heavy drinkers.

Identification of neurobiological mechanisms underlying development of alcohol use disorder is critical to ensuring the appropriate early-phase treatment and prevention of the disorder. To this aim, we tried to elucidate the disturbance of neural functions in heavy drinking, which can lead to alcohol use disorder. Because response inhibition is affected by alcohol use disorder, we examined neural activation and task performance for response inhibition using the Go/No-Go task in an fMRI paradigm in adult non-dependent heavy and light drinkers.

Activation of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons improves colonic hyperpermeability through the vagus nerve and adenosine A2B receptors in rats.

Intestinal barrier dysfunction, a leaky gut, contributes to the pathophysiology of various diseases such as dementia and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We recently clarified that orexin, ghrelin, or adenosine A2B signaling in the brain improved leaky gut through the vagus nerve. The present study was performed to clarify whether basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) are implicated in the central regulation of intestinal barrier function.

Oxytocin acts centrally in the brain to improve leaky gut through the vagus nerve and a cannabinoid signaling in rats.

Brain oxytocin plays a role in gastrointestinal functions. Among them, oxytocin acts centrally to modulate gastrointestinal motility and visceral sensation. Intestinal barrier function, one of important gut functions, is also regulated by the central nervous system.

Late-onset posttransplant Epstein-Barr virusrelated lymphoproliferative disease after cord blood transplantation for chronic active Epstein Barr virus infection: A case report.

Introduction: Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is a critical complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). PTLD is classified into early and late-onset PTLDs. In post-HSCT patients, late-onset PTLD is rare, particularly PTLD after HSCT for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related lymphoproliferative disease.

Effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on implicit motor learning and language-related brain function: An fMRI study.

Aim: Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is known as a useful application for improving depressive symptoms or cognitive performance. Antidepressive effects by anodal tDCS over the left DLPFC are expected, but the neural mechanisms of these effects are still unclear. Further, in depression, reduced performance and left prefrontal hypofunction during the verbal fluency task (VFT) are generally known.

Bupropion increases activation in nucleus accumbens during anticipation of monetary reward.

Rationale: Bupropion is used for major depressive disorder, smoking cessation aid, and obesity. It blocks reuptake of dopamine and noradrenaline and antagonizes nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Animal studies showed that bupropion enhanced rewarding effects.

Modafinil enhances alerting-related brain activity in attention networks.

Rationale: Modafinil is a wake-promoting agent and has been reported to be effective in improving attention in patients with attentional disturbance. However, neural substrates underlying the modafinil effects on attention are not fully understood.

Objectives: We employed a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study with the attention network test (ANT) task in healthy adults and examined which networks of attention are mainly affected by modafinil and which neural substrates are responsible for the drug effects.

Modafinil augments brain activation associated with reward anticipation in the nucleus accumbens.

Rationale: The nucleus accumbens (NAc) works as a key brain structure of the reward system, in which reward-related neural activity is well correlated with dopamine release from mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons.

Objectives: Since modafinil can modulate dopaminergic transmission through re-uptake inhibition of dopamine, we investigated whether modafinil affects the reward-related brain activity in the NAc in healthy subjects.

Methods: Twenty healthy participants underwent two series of functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing monetary incentive delay task in which they were cued to anticipate and respond to a rapidly presented target to gain or avoid losing varying amounts of money, under modafinil or placebo condition.