Factors associated with cavity formation after stereotactic body radiation therapy for peripheral early-stage lung cancer.

Purpose: This retrospective study aimed to identify the factors associated with cavity formation after SBRT in peripheral early-stage lung cancer patients. We analyzed the occurrence of cavity changes after SBRT.

Materials And Methods: We examined 99 cases with T1-T2aN0 peripheral non-small cell lung cancer treated with SBRT from 2004 to 2021.

Study of prostate-specific antigen levels during salvage radiotherapy after prostate cancer surgery.

Background: Administration of adjuvant or salvage radiotherapy (RT) after prostate cancer (PCa) surgery is supported by clinical evidence and is a widely adopted strategy. On occasion, we detect changes in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, such as a transient elevation or decline, during RT. Thus, we retrospectively investigated the frequency of changes in PSA levels, their associations with histopathological parameters, PSA doubling time (PSADT), and biochemical recurrence (BR) of PCa.

Radiotherapy for ductal carcinoma of the prostate: an analysis based on the Japanese radiation oncology study group survey.

Background: The clinical characteristics of prostate ductal carcinoma is still unclear, and treatment strategy has not yet been established due to its rarity. Therefore, we conducted a multicenter survey of radiation therapy for prostate ductal carcinoma in Japan.

Method: Data of patients with ductal carcinoma of the prostate treated with radiation therapy between 1996 and 2018 were extracted from the database of each facility.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients before, during, or after lung irradiation, and serum SP-A and SP-D levels.

Background: The correlation between COVID-19 and RT has not been determined to date and remains a clinical question. The aim of this study was to evaluate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia before, during, and after radiation therapy (RT) regarding the radiation doses, radiation pneumonitis, and surfactant protein levels.

Methods: We evaluated patients diagnosed with COVID-19 before, during, or after RT for the lung between August 2020 and April 2022.

Radiation therapy for pelvic recurrent colorectal or gynecological cancer: is whole pelvic irradiation necessary?

Background: Preoperative whole pelvic radiation therapy (RT) is used commonly for rectal cancer and is the standard field postoperatively in gynecological cancer. However, the ideal field (local vs. whole pelvis) has not been determined for local recurrence of these cancers.

Association between unintentional splenic radiation and lymphopenia and high neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio after radiotherapy in patients with esophageal cancer.

Background: Unintentional irradiation of the spleen may reduce absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), which can affect tumor immunity. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated spleen dose-volume parameters associated with ALC and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients with esophageal cancer.

Methods: This retrospective study evaluated patients who were diagnosed with stage I-IV esophageal cancer and who received radiotherapy at Nihon University Itabashi Hospital between January 2015 and March 2020.

Bladder filling volume variation between the first and second day of planning computed tomography for prostate cancer radiation therapy and correlation with renal function.

Aim: During radiation therapy (RT) for prostate cancer, bladder filling helps exclude the organ from irradiation and reduces adverse effects. For RT planning, we performed computed tomography (CT) for 2 consecutive days to evaluate inter-day variations in organs such as the bladder. However, the patient factors that are associated with large intra-patient variations in bladder filling volume prior to RT are not known.

Whole-brain Radiation Therapy for Intracranial Metastases as Initial or Late Treatment.

Background/aim: We examined the difference between whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) for intracranial metastases (IM) from lung cancer as an initial and as a late treatment affecting overall survival (OS).

Patients And Methods: Thirty-three patients who presented with IM at initial examination who received WBRT as the initial treatment (initial WBRT group) and 47 patients without IM or with asymptomatic IM at initial examination who received WBRT after systemic therapy, between January 2014 and December 2020, were retrospectively analyzed. Patients' OS after WBRT were compared.

Successful treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer patients with leptomeningeal metastases using whole brain radiotherapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

The efficacy of treatments in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with leptomeningeal metastases (LMs) remains unclear. Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) play an important role in the treatment of patients with NSCLC. However, few studies have investigated the efficacy of combination therapy with TKIs and whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) in patients with NSCLC/LM.

Diameter of External Carotid Arteries in Patients With Mandibular Osteoradionecrosis.

Background/aim: To evaluate the association between osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the mandible and stenosis of the external carotid artery after radiation therapy (RT) for head and neck cancer.

Patients And Methods: The computed tomography images of 42 patients (36 men, six women; median age, 64.5 years) treated with RT for head and neck cancer between January 2011 and December 2015 were reviewed.

Serum tumor marker levels at the development of intracranial metastasis in patients with lung or breast cancer.

Background: Intracranial metastasis (IM) is observed in various cancers, including in lung and breast cancer, and its timely diagnosis is required for successful patient treatment. Various tumor serum markers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3), serve not only as prognostic indicators in lung and breast cancer but also as risk factors for IM development. This study is the first to assess a subgroup of cancer patients with IM that did not show elevated serum tumor marker levels.

Organizing pneumonia after thoracic radiotherapy followed by anti-PD-1 antibody treatment for patients with lung cancer: Three case reports.

Anti-PD-1 antibodies and thoracic radiation therapy (TRT) generate adverse events, including pneumonitis. However, there is limited information about potential overlapping toxicity of anti-PD-1 antibodies administered after TRT. Herein, we report three cases.

Myelosuppression After Radiation Therapy in Patients With and Without Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Background/aim: Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) after high-dose chemotherapy is used to treat relapsed malignant lymphomas. Radiation therapy (RT) is applied after ASCT. We compared the incidence of myelosuppression after RT with and without autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (auto-PBSCT).

Effectiveness of chemoradiotherapy for radiation-induced bilateral external auditory canal cancer: A case report and literature review.

Background: Radiation-induced bilateral external auditory canal cancer is an extremely rare disease that has yet to be fully characterized in the clinical literature.

Methods: Herein, we present a case study of a 75-year-old man with radiation-induced bilateral external auditory canal cancer. The patient's medical history included left maxillary cancer that had been treated with chemoradiation 19 years earlier and local recurrence with total maxillectomy 10 years earlier.

Roles of Ki-67 and p16 as biomarkers for unknown primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Purpose: Treatment guidelines have not been established for unknown primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). For these patients, chemoradiotherapy (CRT) can provide a better prognosis than that for patients with other head and neck cancers. The presence of HPV in the tumor is associated with a better outcome.

Risk Factors for Sacral Insufficiency Fractures in Cervical Cancer After Whole Pelvic Radiation Therapy.

Aim: To evaluate the incidence and risk factors of sacral insufficiency fractures (SIFs), particularly dose-volume histogram (DVH) parameters, in patients with cervical cancer after whole pelvic radiation therapy (WPRT).

Patients And Methods: The medical records of 61 patients with cervical cancer who underwent WPRT were retrospectively reviewed. The cumulative incidence of SIF, as well as the risk factors that could affect its incidence were assessed.

Is pectus excavatum a risk factor for radiation-induced lung disease in patients undergoing radiation therapy following breast-conserving surgery?

Background: The relationship between radiation dose to the ipsilateral lung and subsequent radiation-induced lung disease (RILD) in breast cancer patients with pectus excavatum (PE) undergoing radiation therapy (RT) to residual breast tissue after breast-conserving surgery has not yet been established. The incidence of RILD in such patients with PE, meaning that a large volume of the lung is within the radiation field, has not been determined. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between these factors.

Whole-brain Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer Patients with Dural Metastasis Without Concomitant Brain Metastasis and Leptomeningeal Metastasis.

Aim: To evaluate outcomes of breast cancer patients with confirmed dural metastasis (DM) alone who received whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT).

Patients And Methods: The medical records of thirty-three breast cancer patients who received WBRT to treat intracranial metastasis were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical presentation of DM-only was compared with that of brain metastasis (BM)/leptomeningeal metastasis (LM).

Docetaxel-induced radiation recall dermatitis with atypical features: A case report.

Introduction: Radiation recall dermatitis (RRD) associated with actinomycin D was first described by in 1959, followed by the reporting of several RRD-inducing drugs. In 1994, a study demonstrated docetaxel-induced RRD for the first time; however, despite some case studies reporting RRD, a little has been reported on it since then. Here we present a rare case of atypical docetaxel-induced RRD.

Does protruding type 1 esophageal cancer really have a good response to radiation therapy?-a retrospective observational study.

Background: It is now well-established that esophageal cancer can be more accurately classified macroscopically on the basis of endoscopic rather than esophagographic findings. Thus far, no studies have reported correlations between responses to radiation therapy (RT) and endoscopically-determined macroscopic type of locally advanced esophageal cancer. In this retrospective study, we therefore aimed to determine such correlations in patients who had undergone at least two follow-up endoscopies.

Brachytherapy for cervical cancer in septate uterus: Dose-volume differences with tandem implant placement in right vs. left uterine canal: A case report.

Brachytherapy is a standard treatment modality for locally advanced cervical cancer. In patients with uterine anomalies, the radiation dose to the target volume and the organs at risk can vary depending on the positioning of the brachytherapy tandem implant. However, there have been few reports concerning the use of brachytherapy in patients with uterine anomalies.

Clinical results of multimodality therapy for esophageal cancer with distant metastasis.

Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate outcomes in upfront local response and survival of patients with esophageal cancer and distant metastasis.

Methods: This retrospective study included 34 patients (25 males) aged 42-92 years (median, 70 years) with a histological diagnosis of esophageal squamous cell cancer with distant metastasis. Staging was performed according to the UICC's TNM (6th edition) classification of malignant tumor.

Significance of stereotactic body radiotherapy in older patients with early stage non-small cell lung cancer.

Objectives: Our aim was to investigate long-term treatment outcomes in older patients with early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the presence or absence of therapeutic benefits, using the G8 screening tool.

Methods: We retrospectively studied 43 older patients (median age 78 years, range 65-89 years) with stage I lung tumors (T1 and T2 tumors in 34 and 9 patients, respectively), who underwent stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). This study assessed outcomes in a cohort of patients who received geriatric assessments, performed between 2004 and 2011, before the start of their SBRT regimen.