Prognostic nutritional index of early post-pembrolizumab therapy predicts long-term survival in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma.

Pembrolizumab has been widely used to treat advanced urothelial carcinoma that has progressed after first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. Because its clinical benefits are limited, biomarkers that can predict a good response to pembrolizumab are required. The prognostic nutritional index (PNI), calculated using the serum albumin level and peripheral lymphocyte count, has been evaluated as a predictive biomarker in cancer immunotherapy.

Androgen receptor axis-targeted agents are not superior to conventional hormonal therapy for treatment of metastatic prostate cancer.

The present study aimed to use real-world Japanese data to compare the treatment outcome of conventional hormonal therapy to that of using androgen receptor axis-targeted (ARAT) agents for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. The overall survival between the conventional hormonal therapy group and the ARAT agent therapy group was compared using a group of 75 Japanese patients who were treated for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. A subgroup analysis was carried out and the risk factors that affected overall survival (OS) were determined.

[ENDOSCOPIC SHIELDING OF RECTOURETHRAL FISTULA AFTER LAPAROSCOPIC RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; REPORT OF A CASE].

Rectourethral fistulais a relatively rare complication of radical prostatectomy but is extremely difficult to treat. We report a case with post-laparoscopic radical prostatectomy rectourethral fistula, treated with only endoscopic shielding.A 75-year-old man had undergone laparoscopic radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer, cT2cN0M0.