Duration of the untreated period affects bone mineral density in psychiatric patients requiring long-term hospitalization: A cross-sectional study.

Aim: Osteoporosis and bone fractures occur often on psychiatric wards. Although recent studies showed that bone mineral density (BMD) decreases in psychiatric patients, many risk factors remain unknown. This study aimed to explore the risk factors for decreased BMD in long-term psychiatric inpatients in a closed ward.

Spikes immediately after electroconvulsive therapy in psychotic patients.

The goal of this study was to assess the spikes systematically and to clarify an epileptc abnormality induced by electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Our subjects were 20 psychotic patients with no spikes on prior EEGs. ECT was performed by applying electrical current to both sides of the patient's temple every 2 or 3 days for a period of between 1-4 weeks.