Specific inhibitory effects of exogenous d-Aspartate on the proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells.

d-amino acids have been actively examined since improved analytical techniques revealed their presence in animal bodies. Although D-Asp was identified in mammals earlier than D-Ser, research on D-Asp has lagged behind that on D-Ser, mainly because the target protein of D-Asp remains unknown. To date, the only reported functions of D-Asp are its roles in reproduction and suggested neuromodulatory functions.

Specific inhibitory effects of guanosine on breast cancer cell proliferation.

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death. Drug therapy for breast cancer is currently selected based on the subtype classification; however, many anticancer drugs are highly cytotoxic. Since intracellular levels of GTP are elevated in many cancer cells that undergo a specific cell proliferation cycle, GTP has potential as a target for cancer therapy.

Lactose hydrate can increase the transcellular permeability of β-naphthol in rat jejunum and ileum.

Background: The unstirred water layer (UWL) is an integral part of the apical surface of mucosal epithelia and comprises mucins (MUC), for which there are many molecular species. Galectins, a family of β-galactoside-binding lectins, form a lattice barrier on surface epithelial cells by interacting with MUC. Lactose inhibits the galectin-MUC interaction.

Degradation rates and products of fluticasone propionate in alkaline solutions.

The apparent degradation rate constant of fluticasone propionate (FLT) in 0.1 M NaOH:methanol=1:1 at 37 °C was previously reported to be 0.169±0.

[A Method for Decreasing the Amount of the Drug Remaining on the Surfaces of the Mortar and Pestle after Grinding Small Amount of Tablets].

The aim of the present study was to develop a method for grinding tablets with a mortar and pestle while reducing drug loss because grinding tablets is known to be associated with reductions in tablet weight and loss of the active drug. Seven kinds of tablets were subjected to grinding. The proportion (%) of the amount of the active drug in the powder remaining on the surfaces of the mortar and pestle relative to the total amount of the drug recovered (the recovery percent) was calculated.

Novel curcumin oral delivery systems.

Curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound derived from turmeric (Curcuma longa L), has proven to be a modulator of multiple intercellular signalling pathways linked to inflammation, to proliferation, growth, invasion, drug sensitivity, angiogenesis and metastasis of cancer cells. Although curcumin has shown significant efficacy in cell culture studies, it has shown limited efficacy in clinical studies when administered in conventional oral formulations. This discrepancy is largely attributed to its poor oral bioavailability, which may result from its poor solubility, its poor pharmacokinetic profile, or a combination of both.