Nasal polyps show decreased mucociliary transport despite vigorous ciliary beating.

Objective: Mucociliary transport function in the airway mucosa is essential for maintaining a clean mucosal surface. This function is impaired in upper and lower airway diseases. Nasal polyps are a noticeable pathological feature that develop in some of the patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.

CD34-Positive Spindle Cell Tumor With Mutation: An Unusual Spindle Cell Variant of Sinonasal Glomangiopericytoma.

Sinonasal glomangiopericytoma is an uncommon mesenchymal tumor with a perivascular myoid phenotype, which is categorized as a borderline/low-grade malignant soft tissue tumor by the current World Health Organization Classification of Head and Neck tumors. Here, we present the case of a 53-year-old woman with an unusual spindle cell morphology of sinonasal glomangiopericytoma arising in the nasal cavity, mimicking solitary fibrous tumor. Microscopically, the tumor showed a cellular proliferation of spindle cells in fascicles including a focal long sweeping arrangement or whorls, or with a storiform growth pattern, associated with hemangiopericytoma-like gaping blood vessels embedded in a fibrous stroma.

TRPA1/M8 agonists upregulate ciliary beating through the pannexin-1 channel in the human nasal mucosa.

Background: Nasal breathing is important for maintaining physiological respiration. However, airflow in the nasal cavity has an inherent cooling effect and may suppress ciliary beating, an essential frontline defense in the airway. Nasal airflow is thought to be perceived by thermoreceptors for cool temperatures.

Expression of T-Type Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel in the Cilia of Human Nasal Epithelial Cells.

Introduction: The mucociliary transport function of the airway epithelium is largely dependent on ciliary beating. The control signal of ciliary beating is thought to be intracellular Ca2+. We herein investigated the expression of T-type voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC), a generator of intracellular Ca2+ oscillation, in the human nasal mucosa.

Frequency-specific prediction model of hearing outcomes in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

Purpose: The hearing outcome of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) is hard to predict. We herein constructed a multiple regression model for hearing outcomes in each frequency separately in an attempt to achieve practical prediction in ISSNHL.

Methods: We enrolled 235 consecutive in-patients with ISSNHL who were treated in our department from 2015 to 2020 (average hearing level at 250-4000 Hz ≥ 40 dB; time from onset to treatment ≤ 14 days; 126 males/109 females; age range 17-87 years (average 61.

Decreased CFTR/PPARγ and increased transglutaminase 2 in nasal polyps.

Objective: Transglutaminase (TGM)2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ are thought to participate in the pathogenesis of nasal polyp formation in cystic fibrosis (CF). We herein investigated expressions of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), TGM2, PPARγ and isopeptide bonds, a reaction product of TGM, in non-CF nasal polyps.

Methods: Nasal polyps and inferior turbinates were collected from chronic rhinosinusitis patients without CF during transnasal endoscopic sinonasal surgery.

Calmodulin Regulates Ciliary Beats in the Human Nasal Mucosa Through Adenylate/Guanylate Cyclases and Protein Kinases A/G.

Background: The ciliary beat of the airway epithelium, including the sinonasal epithelium, has a significant role in frontline defense and is thought to be controlled by the level of intracellular Ca2+. Involvement of calmodulin and adenylate/guanylate cyclases in the regulation of ciliary beats has been reported, and here we investigated the interrelation between these components of the ciliary beat regulatory pathway.

Methods: The inferior turbinates were collected from 29 patients with chronic hypertrophic rhinitis/rhinosinusitis during endoscopic sinonasal surgery.

Insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea as potential triggers of dementia: is personalized prediction and prevention of the pathological cascade applicable?

Introduction: Sleep disorders ultimately result in sleep deficiency and poor-quality adversely impacts the immune system, glucose metabolism, body weight control, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular function, cognitive function, psychological stability, work productivity, quality of life, and social safety. Sleep disorders are very common among the elderly and are often comorbid with other diseases such as dementia, and further accelerating the underlying neurodegenerative processes. Initial studies have not clearly revealed the relationship between sleep disorders and dementia.

Potential patient screening for late-onset Pompe disease in suspected sleep apnea: a rationale and study design for a Prospective Multicenter Observational Cohort Study in Japan (PSSAP-J Study).

Background: Pompe disease is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficiency of the acid α-glucosidase (GAA) enzyme. GAA deficiency induces progressive glycogen accumulation which leads to weakness of the respiratory muscle including the diaphragm. Pompe disease is one of the few myopathies, for which an established therapy is available.

Frequency-specific efficacy of intratympanic steroid on idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

Hearing recovery would be different in each sound frequency in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL). To analyze frequency-specific efficacy of intratympanic steroid on ISSNHL. Of a total of 381 patients with ISSNHL (hearing threshold ≥40 dB; ≤30 days until treatment), 174 patients (174 ears) received systemic steroid plus hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO group), and 207 patients (208 ears) received systemic plus intratympanic steroid (IT group).

Expression of Cl channels/transporters in nasal polyps.

Purpose: Nasal polyp formation is a common sequela of prolonged chronic rhinosinusitis, but the mechanism underlying this disease state is still controversial. We compared the expressions of Cl channels/transporters in nasal polyps with those in inferior turbinates to explore whether a deficiency in Cl transport may participate in the pathophysiology of nasal polyp formation as in patients with cystic fibrosis.

Methods: Nasal polyps and inferior turbinates were collected from 12 chronic rhinosinusitis patients with hypertrophic rhinitis and/or nasal polyps.

Calmodulin and protein kinases A/G mediate ciliary beat response in the human nasal epithelium.

Background: Mucociliary clearance of the airway epithelium is an essential function for mucosal defense. We recently proposed a hypothetical mechanism of ciliary beat regulation, in which the pannexin-1 (Panx1)-P2X7 unit serves as an oscillator generating a periodic increase in intracellular Ca ([Ca ] ). In the present study, we examined the localization of Panx1 and P2X7 at the ultrastructural level, and investigated the regulatory pathway subsequent to [Ca ] increase.

Efficacy of Intratympanic Steroid on Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: An Analysis of Cases With Negative Prognostic Factors.

Purpose We retrospectively studied the efficacy of intratympanic steroid administration in comparison with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) with negative prognostic factors. Method We enrolled 301 patients (302 ears) with ISSNHL (average hearing level at 250-4000 Hz ≥ 40 dB; time from onset to treatment ≤ 30 days). From August 2002 to March 2009, 174 patients (174 ears) received systemic steroid plus HBO therapy (HBO group), and from June 2015 to January 2018, 127 patients (128 ears) received systemic plus intratympanic steroid (IT group).

Decreased ciliary beat responsiveness to acetylcholine in the nasal polyp epithelium.

Objective: We investigated the difference in ciliary beat responsiveness to acetylcholine in ex vivo and the difference in the expressions of associated molecules (M1/M3 muscarinic receptors, pannexin-1 and P2X7 purinergic receptor) between the nasal polyp and turbinate mucosa.

Study Design: Laboratorial study.

Participants: Nasal polyp and inferior turbinate were collected from patients with hypertrophic rhinitis and/or nasal polyp during endoscopic sinonasal surgery.

Non-REM sleep-disordered breathing affects performance on the psychomotor vigilance task.

Purpose: Although many studies have investigated the clinical importance of sleep apnea on rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep, the relationship between behavioral performance and apneic events during different sleep phases remains unclear. In the present study, we sought to investigate the effect of sleep phase fragmentation due to sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) during REM and NREM on the vigilance and sustainability of attention based on psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) performance.

Methods: From a pool of subjects who underwent consecutive diagnostic polysomnography (PSG) for obstructive sleep apnea, 163 adult subjects with both REM and NREM sleep ≥ 30 min were enrolled for our study and performed a standardized 10-min PVT.

Acetylcholine-induced ex vivo ATP release from the human nasal mucosa.

Objective: The present study aimed at investigating ATP release in response to acetylcholine (Ach) and pharmacologically elucidating the intracellular signal transduction pathway of this reaction in an ex vivo experiment.

Methods: The inferior turbinate mucosa was collected from 21 patients with chronic hypertrophic rhinitis who underwent endoscopic turbinectomy. The mucosa was shaped into a filmy round piece, and incubated with chemical(s) in Hank's balanced salt solution for 10min.

[Revision Myringoplasty Using Thin-Sliced Cartilage for Postoperative Reperforation in Patients with Chronic Otitis Media].

Myringoplasty is one of the basic procedures in otologic surgery, and is important to achieve good hearing outcome. The temporal fascia is most widely used and considered to be a stable graft in this procedure, although 10-20% of patients develop reperforation after surgery, which is often hard to repair, even by revision surgery. We herein conducted revision myringoplasty using a cartilage graft to repair postoperative reperforation in 7 patients (8 ears) with chronic otitis media.

Presence of osteoclasts in middle ear cholesteatoma: a study of undecalcified bone sections.

Conclusions: Osteoclasts are unlikely to be involved in bone resorption in middle ear cholesteatoma.

Objective: The authors searched for osteoclasts in undecalcified bone sections in patients with middle ear cholesteatoma to determine whether and to what extent these cells are involved in this disease.

Methods: Twelve patients, eight men and four women, aged 30-87 years, who underwent tympanomastoidectomy were enrolled.

Obstructive sleep apnea in preschool-aged Japanese children - efficiency of screening using lateral neck radiography.

Conclusions The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in preschool-aged children diagnosed by the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD) version 3 criteria was relatively higher than that diagnosed by ICSD-2. Although the assessment of the upper airway by lateral neck radiography was effective for detecting OSA in this age group, this assessment is not recommended for all children as a screening method because of parental concern related to radiation exposure. Objective This study investigated the prevalence of OSA and the screening capacity of lateral neck radiography in community-based preschool-aged children.

Hearing outcome does not depend on the interval of intratympanic steroid administration in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

We studied the effect of intratympanic steroid administration with different intervals on hearing outcomes in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL). The subjects were 197 consecutive patients (197 ears) with ISSNHL (hearing level ≥40 dB, interval between onset and treatment ≤30 days). They received systemic administration of prednisolone (100 mg followed by tapered doses) combined with intratympanic injection of dexamethasone (4 mg/ml).

Electrical Impedance and Expression of Tight Junction Components of the Nasal Turbinate and Polyp.

Purpose: We investigated the electrical impedance and expression of tight junction components of the turbinate mucosa, nasal polyp, and normal skin.

Procedures: The inferior turbinate and nasal polyp of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and the postauricular skin of patients with otitis media were examined. Electrical impedance was measured in vivo using a tissue conductance meter.

Prediction of hearing outcomes by multiple regression analysis in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

Objective: This study aimed to create a multiple regression model for predicting hearing outcomes of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL).

Methods: The participants were 205 consecutive patients (205 ears) with ISSNHL (hearing level ≥ 40 dB, interval between onset and treatment ≤ 30 days). They received systemic steroid administration combined with intratympanic steroid injection.

Evaluation of adenotonsillectomy and tonsillectomy for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea by rhinomanometry and the OSA-18 questionnaire.

Conclusion: Nasal resistance and the OSA-18 score were useful for evaluating surgical treatments. The sleep disturbance score may also be useful for predicting the severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children.

Objective: We evaluated the effect of surgery on children with OSA using polysomnography (PSG) parameters, nasal resistance, and the OSA-18 questionnaire, and also investigated the cut-off OSA-18 score to screen for pediatric OSA.