Laparoscopic endoscopic cooperative surgery for gastric subepithelial lesion during laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for severe obesity.

Background: The frequency of pathologies detected incidentally before, during, and after a bariatric surgery, such as subepithelial lesion (SEL) of the stomach, is likely to rise as bariatric surgery becomes more common.

Case Presentation: A 49-year-old female patient presented with severe obesity, for which laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) was planned. During a preoperative examination, endoscopy revealed a 10 mm SEL in the posterior wall of the upper body of the stomach.

Essential residues in diterpene synthases for biosynthesis of oryzalexins A-F in rice phytoalexin.

Cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) produces a variety of diterpenoid-type phytoalexins. Diterpene synthase genes that are responsible for the biosynthesis of momilactones, phytocassanes, and oryzalexins have been identified in O. sativa cv.