Total Synthesis of Diospyrodin and Its Three Diastereomers.

Antibacterial diospyrodin () was synthesized in 13 steps. EtB and O promoted the formation of an αalkoxy carbon radical from l-ribose-derived α-alkoxyacyl telluride , which reacted with d-glucose-derived aldehyde . The radical addition realized the convergent assembly of the contiguously hydroxylated carbon-chain of and greatly contributed to streamlining the synthetic route.

Convergent Total Synthesis of Hikizimycin Enabled by Intermolecular Radical Addition to Aldehyde.

Hikizimycin (), which exhibits powerful anthelmintic activity, has the most densely functionalized structure among nucleoside antibiotics. A central 4-amino-4-deoxyundecose of possesses 10 contiguous stereocenters on a C1-C11 linear chain and is decorated with a cytosine base at C1 and a 3-amino-3-deoxyglucose at C6-OH. These distinctive structural features of make it an extremely challenging target for de novo construction.

Estimation of glomerular filtration rate in calves using the contrast medium iodixanol.

To develop a simple procedure for estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in calves, a three-sample method using iodixanol was first compared to that using the standard agent inulin. Iodixanol and inulin were co-administered intravenously to calves at 40 mg I/kg and 40 mg/kg, respectively, and blood was collected 30, 60, 120, and 180 min later. Serum iodixanol and inulin concentrations were separately determined by high performance liquid chromatography and colorimetry.

[The relationship between difficulty in daily living and binocular visual field in patients with glaucoma].

Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between difficulty in daily living and binocular visual field in patients with glaucoma.

Subjects And Methods: We examined 144 patients with glaucoma who had bilateral visual field disturbances. The mean age was 68 +/- 13 years.

[Correlation of age and intraocular pressure with visual field damage in patients with normal-tension glaucoma].

Objective: We investigated the correlation of age and intraocular pressure (IOP) with visual field damage in patients with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) and asymmetric visual field defects.

Methods: A total of 88 NTG patients (176 eyes) were investigated. Patients in whom visual field defects were more severe in the eye with higher IOP than in the fellow eye were grouped as IOP-visual field-concordant patients, and the others as IOP-visual field-discordant patients.

Vertical transmission of photosymbionts in the colonial ascidian Didemnum molle: the larval tunic prevents symbionts from attaching to the anterior part of larvae.

Morphological processes in the vertical transmission of photosymbionts were investigated in the Prochloron-bearing ascidian Didemnum molle. Prochloron cells were found exclusively in the common cloacal cavity of the colony, attached mainly to the tunic lining of the cavity wall. Oocytes were found in the abdominal region of each zooid, but no Prochloron cells were associated with this stage.

[Comparison of the effects of latanoprost and timolol gel-forming solution on diurnal variation of intraocular pressure in normal-tension glaucoma].

Objective: To compare the effects of latanoprost (Lat) and timolol gel-forming solution (Tg) on the diurnal variation of intraocular pressure (IOP) in normal-tension glaucoma (NTG).

Subjects And Methods: A total of 47 NTG patients (47 eyes) were randomly assigned to receive Lat alone (25 eyes) or Tg alone (22 eyes). IOP was measured at fixed time points during 24 hours before and after treatment with each drug.

[Effect of latanoprost on diurnal variations of intraocular pressure in normal-tension glaucoma].

Objectives: To study the effect of instillation of latanoprost on the diurnal variation in the intraocular pressure(IOP), blood pressure, and pulse rate in patients with normal-tension glaucoma(NTG).

Subjects And Methods: The diurnal variation in the IOP was determined in 23 eyes in 23 NTG patients after a washout period of 4 weeks or longer. The diurnal variation in IOP was then remeasured after latanoprost monotherapy of 8 weeks or longer.

[Technical application of three-dimensional visualization and measurement for breast cancer using multidetector-row CT scanner].

This paper describes an integrated methodology that addresses the operation of 3D imaging and measurement for the diagnosis and surgical operation of breast cancer. The main system for breast CT imaging used a multi-slice CT scanner and 3D-workstation. The clinical sequence was performed in three phases with non-contrast and biphasic contrast-enhanced studies that were performed with multi-slice helical CT scanning.