Brefeldin A and M-COPA block the export of RTKs from the endoplasmic reticulum via simultaneous inactivation of ARF1, ARF4, and ARF5.

Normal receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) need to reach the plasma membrane (PM) for ligand-induced activation, whereas its cancer-causing mutants can be activated before reaching the PM in organelles, such as the Golgi/trans-Golgi network (TGN). Inhibitors of protein export from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), such as brefeldin A (BFA) and 2-methylcoprophilinamide (M-COPA), can suppress the activation of mutant RTKs in cancer cells, suggesting that RTK mutants cannot initiate signaling in the ER. BFA and M-COPA block the function of ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs) that play a crucial role in ER-Golgi protein trafficking.

Association between averaged intraoperative nociceptive response index and postoperative complications after lung resection surgery.

Objectives: Since postoperative complications, defined as Clavien-Dindo grade ≥II, correlate with long-term survival after lung resection surgery in patients with primary lung cancer, identification of intraoperative risk factors for postoperative complications is crucial for better perioperative management. In the present study, we investigated the possible association between intraoperative variables for use in anaesthetic management and Clavien-Dindo grade ≥II.

Methods: In this multi-institutional observational study, consecutive adult patients undergoing video-assisted thoracic surgery for primary lung cancer under general anaesthesia from March 2019 to April 2021 were enrolled.

Association between thoracic epidural block and major complications after pleurectomy/decortication for malignant pleural mesothelioma under general anesthesia.

Introduction: A curative-intent surgical procedure, pleurectomy/decortication, for malignant pleural mesothelioma is accompanied by a high incidence of major postoperative complications. Although epidural block, which suppresses nociception during and after surgery, reportedly has both benefits and disadvantages in terms of outcomes after thoracic surgery for other diseases, the effects of epidural block on major complications after pleurectomy/decortication have not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between epidural block and major postoperative complications following pleurectomy/decortication.

Intra-operative nociceptive responses and postoperative major complications after gastrointestinal surgery under general anaesthesia: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Surgical procedures stimulate nociception and induce physiological responses according to the balance between nociception and antinociception. The severity of surgical stimuli is associated with major postoperative complications. Although an intra-operative quantitative index representing surgical invasiveness would be useful for anaesthetic management to predict and prevent major complications, no such index is available.

Complex effects of continuous vasopressor infusion on fluid responsiveness during liver resection: A randomised controlled trial.

Background: Fluid responsiveness is an important factor to consider for fluid volume loading during major surgery. The effect of continuous vasopressor infusion on fluid responsiveness during prolonged major surgery is a concern.

Objective: We hypothesised that continuous vasopressor infusion during major surgery might not exert significant effects on changes in stroke volume variation (SVV) following fluid bolus infusion, and thereby on fluid responsiveness.

Development of Wearable Sheet-Type Shear Force Sensor and Measurement System that is Insusceptible to Temperature and Pressure.

A sheet-type shear force sensor and a measurement system for the sensor were developed. The sensor has an original structure where a liquid electrolyte is filled in a space composed of two electrode-patterned polymer films and an elastic rubber ring. When a shear force is applied on the surface of the sensor, the two electrode-patterned films mutually move so that the distance between the internal electrodes of the sensor changes, resulting in current increase or decrease between the electrodes.

Experimental validation of spatial Fourier transform-based multiple sound zone generation with a linear loudspeaker array.

Generating acoustically bright and dark zones using loudspeakers is gaining attention as one of the most important acoustic communication techniques for such uses as personal sound systems and multilingual guide services. Although most conventional methods are based on numerical solutions, an analytical approach based on the spatial Fourier transform with a linear loudspeaker array has been proposed, and its effectiveness has been compared with conventional acoustic energy difference maximization and presented by computer simulations. To describe the effectiveness of the proposal in actual environments, this paper investigates the experimental validation of the proposed approach with rectangular and Hann windows and compared it with three conventional methods: simple delay-and-sum beamforming, contrast maximization, and least squares-based pressure matching using an actually implemented linear array of 64 loudspeakers in an anechoic chamber.

Remineralization of primary tooth enamel from individuals with Down syndrome.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to clarify the characteristics of primary tooth enamel of Down syndrome patients (DSPs). We examined 9 primary teeth of Down syndrome children and 11 primary teeth of normally developed children to investigate the remineralization processes of enamel by transverse microradiography and X ray micro analyzer (XMA).

Methods: Mineral loss, lesion depth, maximum mineral value, minimum mineral value, depth of maximum mineral value, and depth of minimum mineral value were used to analyze transverse microradiography (TMR).