Involvement of interleukins-17 and -34 in exacerbated orthodontic root resorption by jiggling force during rat experimental tooth movement.

Background: Orthodontically induced root resorption (OIRR) is considered as an undesirable and unpredictable sequel of orthodontic treatment. Recent reports demonstrated that interleukin (IL)-17/IL-34, and T cells secrete inflammatory/osteoclastogenic cytokines, which might stimulate osteoclastogenesis/bone resorption. However, little is known about the role played by IL-17/IL-34 in OIRR.

Micro-osteoperforations accelerate orthodontic tooth movement by stimulating periodontal ligament cell cycles.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of how micro-osteoperforations (MOPs) accelerate tooth movement. We focused on inflammation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis of periodontal ligament cells and performed immunostaining of MOPs exposed to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) during experimental tooth movement.

Methods: Eleven-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups: (1) 10 g of orthodontic force applied to the maxillary first molar (TM) and (2) force application plus 3 small perforations of the cortical plate (TM + MOPs).

Effect of caspases and RANKL induced by heavy force in orthodontic root resorption.

Objective: Orthodontic root resorption (ORR) due to orthodontic tooth movement is a difficult treatment-related adverse event. Caspases are important effector molecules for apoptosis. At present, little is known about the mechanisms underlying ORR and apoptosis in the cementum.

Comparisons of orthodontic root resorption under heavy and jiggling reciprocating forces during experimental tooth movement in a rat model.

Objective: Root mobility due to reciprocating movement of the tooth (jiggling) may exacerbate orthodontic root resorption (ORR). "Jiggling" describes mesiodistal or buccolingual movement of the roots of the teeth during orthodontic treatment. In the present study, buccolingual movement is described as "jiggling.