Estimation of foveal avascular zone area from a B-scan OCT image using machine learning algorithms.

Purpose: The objective of this study is to estimate the area of the Foveal Avascular Zone (FAZ) from B-scan OCT images using machine learning algorithms.

Methods: We developed machine learning models to predict the FAZ area from OCT B-scan images of eyes without retinal vascular diseases. The study involved three models: Model 1 predicted the FAZ length from B-scan images; Model 2 estimated the FAZ area from the predicted length using 1, 3, or 5 horizontal measurements; and Model 3 converted the FAZ area from pixels to mm2.

Enhancing Visual Acuity through Combined Intraocular Lens Fixation, Penetrating Keratoplasty, and Vitrectomy: The Role of Temporary Landers Wide-Field Keratoprosthesis.

Introduction: Complex corneal conditions present surgical challenges and necessitate innovation. Here, we present two cases where we performed intraocular lens trans-scleral fixation using the double-needle Yamane technique, followed by penetrating keratoplasty and vitrectomy using a temporary Landers wide-field keratoprosthesis.

Case Presentation: Case 1 involved a 70-year-old man with an aphakic eye of bullous keratopathy and corneal opacity owing to multiple penetrating and endothelial keratoplasty, endophthalmitis, and herpetic keratitis.

Subthreshold micropulse laser combined with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for diabetic macular edema: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of subthreshold micropulse laser (SML) in addition to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy for diabetic macular edema (DME).

Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were systematically searched for studies that compared anti-VEGF with SML and anti-VEGF monotherapy for DME. Outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), and the number of anti-VEGF injections.

Postoperative vision loss due to bilateral vitreous hemorrhage after robot-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy: A case report.

Purpose: To report a case of bilateral vitreous hemorrhage (VH) resulting in postoperative vision loss (POVL) after robot-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy in a 71-year-old female patient.

Observations: At initial presentation, best-corrected visual acuity was hand motion at 20 cm in the right eye and 20/666 in the left eye. VH in both eyes and preretinal hemorrhage in the left eye was observed.

Encircling continuous suture technique for the management of extensive traumatic cyclodialysis: A case report.

Purpose: To report a surgical technique of cyclopexy, wherein two laps of encircling continuous sutures are placed around the limbus to treat refractory extensive cyclodialysis.

Methods: Color fundus photography, swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) for the anterior segment, and spectral-domain OCT for the macula.

Results: Previous attempts, including indirect cyclopexy and direct external cyclopexy with gas injection, failed to successfully resolve the severe cyclodialysis and associated hypotonic maculopathy.

RECENT TRENDS IN THE CUMULATIVE INCIDENCE AND INTERVENTION PATTERNS OF RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY IN JAPAN: A Multicenter Analysis, 2011-2020.

Purpose: To investigate recent trends in the cumulative incidence and treatment patterns of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in Japan.

Methods: A retrospective multicenter cohort was conducted from 2011 to 2020 using the Diagnosis Procedure Combination inpatient database. Preterm newborns with birth weight <2,500 g were categorized by birth weight.

Navigated direct photocoagulation with a 30-ms short-pulse laser for treating microaneurysms in diabetic macular edema exhibits a high closure rate.

This study carried out direct photocoagulation for treating microaneurysms (MAs) in diabetic macular edema (DME) using a navigation laser system with a 30-ms pulse duration. The MA closure rate after 3 months was investigated using pre and postoperative fluorescein angiography images. MAs primarily inside the edematous area based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) maps were selected for treatment, and leaking MAs (n = 1151) were analyzed in 11 eyes (eight patients).

Macular and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thinning in eyes with prediabetes in the elderly population: OTASSHA study.

Purpose: To investigate retinal thickness parameters in the elderly with prediabetes mellitus (preDM) and type 2 DM without retinopathy (non-diabetic retinopathy [NDR]).

Methods: This cross-sectional study included a total of 1273 eyes without retinal pathologies of 699 volunteers aged ≥ 65 years were included. The eyes were categorized into non-DM (606 eyes), preDM (480 eyes), and NDR (187 eyes) groups according to their HbA1c levels.

Optical coherence tomography findings after surgery for sub-inner limiting membrane hemorrhage due to ruptured retinal arterial macroaneurysm.

Ruptured retinal arterial macroaneurysm (RAM) can cause sub-inner limiting membrane (ILM) hemorrhage, leading to acute vision loss in the elderly. Vitrectomy has been established as an effective treatment to remove hemorrhage and facilitate visual recovery. Although optical coherence tomography (OCT) is useful for the diagnosis of sub-ILM hemorrhage before surgery, little is known about the postoperative OCT findings.

Differential gene expression analysis using RNA sequencing: retinal pigment epithelial cells after exposure to continuous-wave and subthreshold micropulse laser.

Purpose: Subthreshold micropulse laser (SMPL) is more clinically efficient for the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME) than the conventional continuous-wave (CW) laser. We aimed to characterize transcriptome changes after the application of these lasers and to compare the transcripts.

Methods: Human pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelial cells were exposed to laser irradiation.

ASSOCIATION OF PREDIABETES WITH RETINAL MICROVASCULATURE ON SWEPT-SOURCE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY IN THE ELDERLY: OTASSHA Study.

Purpose: To investigate the retinal microvasculature in the elderly persons with prediabetes mellitus (preDM) and type 2 DM.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included a total of 452 eyes without retinal pathologies of 301 elderly volunteers aged ≥65 years, and they were categorized into nonDM (225 eyes), preDM (177 eyes), and DM (50 eyes) groups based on their HbA1c. Fundus photography, swept-source optical coherence tomography and angiography, and comprehensive systemic examinations were conducted.

Changes in entropy on polarized-sensitive optical coherence tomography images after therapeutic subthreshold micropulse laser for diabetic macular edema: A pilot study.

Purpose: To investigate the dynamics of the healing process after therapeutic subthreshold micropulse laser (SMPL) for diabetic macular edema (DME) using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT).

Methods: Patients with treatment-native or previously-treated DME were prospectively imaged using PS-OCT at baseline, 1, 2, 3, and 6 months. The following outcomes were evaluated: changes in the entropy value per unit area (pixel2) in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) on the B-scan image; changes in the entropy value in each stratified layer (retina, RPE, choroid) based on the ETDRS grid circle overlaid with en face entropy mapping, not only the whole ETDRS grid area but also a sector irradiated by the SMPL; and the relationship between edema reduction and entropy changes.

Continued smoking and posterior vitreous adhesion in the elderly evaluated on swept-source optical coherence tomography.

In this cross-sectional study including 1150 eyes of 681 volunteers ≧ 65 years old without retinal pathology, factors affecting the progression of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) were investigated. PVD stages were diagnosed based on swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Linear mixed effect model was used to determine whether age, gender, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HT), dyslipidemia (DL), and smoking status were associated with various stages of PVD.

Posterior vitreous detachment and macular microvasculature in the elderly.

Purpose: To investigate the association between different stages of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) and macular microvasculature in the elderly.

Methods: Swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography, and color fundus images of 490 eyes without retinal pathologies of 322 participants aged ≥65 years were evaluated. PVD was classified using enhanced vitreous visualization mode as no apparent PVD (stage 0/1), vitreous adhesions at the fovea and optic disc (stage 2), adhesion at the optic disc (stage 3), or complete PVD (stage 4).

Visual acuity improvement after phacoemulsification cataract surgery in patients aged ≥90 years.

Background: Visual acuity (VA) outcomes after phacoemulsification cataract surgery in the very elderly (≥90 years) compared to those in younger patients remain unclear till date.

Methods: We retrospectively investigated 138 (group 1) and 152 (group 2) eyes in patients aged ≥90 and < 80 years, respectively, with senile cataracts who underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation between 2014 and 2016. Four highly experienced ophthalmic surgeons performed the procedures.

Facile preparation of highly active casein kinase 1 using Escherichia coli constitutively expressing lambda phosphatase.

Casein kinase 1 (CK1) is a widely expressed Ser/Thr kinase in eukaryotic organisms that is involved in various cellular processes (e.g., circadian rhythm and apoptosis).

The extent of stretched lamellar cleavage and visual acuity in macular pseudoholes.

Background/aims: To evaluate the extent of lamellar cleavage and its association with preoperative and postoperative visual acuity (VA) in macular pseudoholes.

Methods: One eye each of 50 patients with macular pseudohole who underwent vitrectomy was retrospectively investigated. Preoperative macular pseudoholes were evaluated using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) images taken radially around the central fovea at 30° intervals.

Systemic vascular safety of ranibizumab for age-related macular degeneration: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.

Background: We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized trials of ranibizumab for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) to elucidate systemic vascular risk.

Clinical Relevance: Although intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors are widely used to treat AMD, whether they produce systemic adverse effects remains uncertain.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials through March 2014 to identify the randomized trials that compared systemic safety among different intensities of ranibizumab treatment for AMD.

Long-term increase in subfoveal choroidal thickness after surgery for senile cataracts.

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of cataract surgery on subfoveal choroidal thickness and central retinal thickness in the elderly.

Design: Prospective observational case series.

Methods: This cohort study included 29 eyes of 29 patients with senile cataract, but no previous ocular surgery or other ocular abnormality.

New graft inserter for descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to introduce a newly developed graft inserter for Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty, which can be readily used with 1 hand, and to examine endothelial cell loss (ECL) after graft insertion using this new inserter in an ex vivo rabbit model.

Methods: Rabbit corneal grafts (∼150 μm) were prepared by using a femtosecond laser. The grafts were inserted into an artificial anterior chamber by the pull-through technique using a Busin glide or the push-out technique using our new inserter.