Preliminary Evidence on Safety and Clinical Efficacy of Luteolin for Patients With Prostate Cancer Under Active Surveillance.

A need exists for effective treatments for prostate cancer (PCA) due its re-emergence following androgen deprivation therapy, a major clinical problem. In a previous study, we presented evidence on the chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic potential of luteolin, a flavonoid, in PCA including castration-resistant PCA. In this single-arm phase I study, we clinically examined the safety of the oral intake of luteolin in patients under active surveillance (AS).

Efficacy of prostatectomy using a Retzius-sparing approach as an additional excision in anal canal carcinoma after brachytherapy for prostate adenocarcinoma.

Introduction: Standard treatments for squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal include chemoradiotherapy and surgical resection. We report a rare case of squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal with prostate invasion treated with curative surgical methods using a Retzius-sparing robot-assisted approach.

Case Presentation: A 76-year-old male had undergone brachytherapy for prostate adenocarcinoma (cT2aN0M0).

A case of Page kidney due to an encapsulated perirenal hematoma improved by capsulectomy.

Introduction: Page kidney causes secondary hypertension due to external compression of the renal parenchyma and renal hypoperfusion.

Case Presentation: A 21-year-old healthy man was diagnosed with hypertension during a medical examination 3 months after he had gotten a bruise at the right lumbar region. The patient's blood pressure was 176/120 mmHg.

Exploring experimental models of prostate cancer in chemoprevention: Oxidative stress as a key pathway to translational research.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer in men globally. Its growth is driven by oxidative stress associated with inflammation, aging, and environmental factors, including diet and lifestyle. These factors contribute to multiple stages of PCa progression, including progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

Combined Molecular Subclass and Immune Phenotype Correlate to Atezolizumab Plus Radiation Therapy Response in Invasive Bladder Cancer: BPT-ART Phase 2 Study.

Purpose: Bladder preservation therapy in combination with atezolizumab and radiation therapy trial, which was a multicenter, open-label, single-arm phase 2 study, showed a promisingly high interim clinical complete response (cCR) rate of 84.4% (38/45). In the present study, we aimed to identify potential tissue biomarkers for achieving cCR using bladder preservation therapy in combination with atezolizumab and radiation therapy.

Efficacy of pembrolizumab plus lenvatinib as first-line treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma with multiple brain metastases.

Introduction: Patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma have a poor prognosis and its specific pathogenesis remains unelucidated.

Case Presentation: At 78 years of age, a Japanese male patient was diagnosed with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (cT3N2M1 stage) and multiple brain metastases that were responsive to stereotactic radiation therapy followed by systemic combination induction therapy of pembrolizumab plus lenvatinib. Adverse events, including grade 3 hypertension, grade 2 eruption, and elevated grade 2 fever, were controlled by a dose reduction or suspension of drugs.

Rapid and Deep Prostate-Specific Antigen Decline is a Prognostic Marker in Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer: A Real-World Multi-Intuitional Analysis.

Background: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) kinetics has been investigated as a prognostic marker in post hoc analyses of clinical trials. This study validated the prognostic value of rapid and deep PSA decline in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) using real-world data.

Methods: In total, 1296 patients with mHSPC were retrospectively reviewed.

Evaluation of thermal effects of surgical energy devices: ex vivo study.

This study evaluated the direct and indirect thermal effects of various surgical energy devices using an ex-vivo model. Two types of three devices were evaluated: ENSEAL™ X1 Curved Jaw Tissue Sealer (X1) and ENSEAL™ G2 Curved Tissue Sealer (G2) as vessel sealing systems (VSSs), and HARMONIC HD1000i Shears (HA) as an ultrasonic activating device (USAD). Each device was activated once under DRY or WET conditions.

Learning curve of multiple surgeons for robot-assisted radical prostatectomy using the cumulative sum method: a retrospective single-institution study.

Prostate cancer (PC) is common among men and has become a significant societal issue. Localized PC has a good prognosis with appropriate treatment. Prostatectomy, particularly robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP), has become a common treatment since the da Vinci prostatectomy was approved by the FDA in 2001.

The prognostic superiority of second-generation androgen receptor signaling inhibitor in patients with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare prognostic outcomes of administering first- or second-generation androgen receptor signaling inhibitors in non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and to find prognostic indicators.

Methods: This retrospective study included 198 patients with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer from 14 institutions associated with Tokai Urologic Oncology Research Seminar. Forty-two patients were treated with combined androgen blockade using first-generation inhibitors (bicalutamide or flutamide), and 156 were treated with second-generation inhibitors (abiraterone/enzalutamide or apalutamide/darolutamide) after primary androgen deprivation therapy failure.

Hexane insoluble fraction from purple rice extract improves steatohepatitis and fibrosis inhibition of NF-κB and JNK signaling.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is fatty liver mainly related to metabolic syndrome. NAFLD with inflammation and hepatocellular damage is defined as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. We have previously reported that a hexane insoluble fraction from an anthocyanin-rich purple rice ethanolic extract (PRE-HIF) can suppress prostate carcinogenesis.

Using fosfomycin to prevent infection following ureterorenoscopy in response to shortage of cephalosporins: a retrospective preliminary study.

Background: In 2019, the shortage of cefazolin led to the demand for cefotiam and cefmetazole exceeding the supply. The Department of Nephro-urology at Nagoya City University Hospital used fosfomycin as a substitute for perioperative prophylaxis. This retrospective preliminary study evaluated the efficacy of fosfomycin and cefotiam for preventing infections following ureterorenoscopy.

Original Training for Laparoscopic Surgery by Making an Origami Paper Crane.

Introduction: The training box is an effective tool used by surgical trainees. Suturing training is the common method of practicing laparoscopic surgery; however, the cost of needles and threads for long-term practice remains a problem. In this study, we incorporated the original Japanese training for laparoscopic surgery by making an origami paper crane (laparoscopic origami training (LOT)) and evaluated its effect on the clinical results as a long-term practice.

Cachexia Index Is a Prognostic Indicator in Patients With Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma Treated With Systemic Chemotherapy.

Background/aim: Cancer cachexia is associated with poor prognosis in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC). The objective of the study was to assess the cachexia index (CXI), which is a new indicator assessing the status of cancer cachexia, as a prognostic indicator for mUC patients treated with gemcitabine plus cisplatin (GC) chemotherapy.

Patients And Methods: The study included 55 patients with mUC who underwent GC chemotherapy between 2008 and 2022 as first-line chemotherapy.

Experience and Prognostic Analysis with Avelumab Switch Maintenance Treatment in Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma.

Introduction: Avelumab (Ave) is approved for metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) maintenance therapy and prolongs overall survival (OS). We explored trends related to Ave treatment of mUC patients.

Methods: A total of 72 patients with mUC treated with first-line chemotherapy, from January 2019 to November 2022, at our affiliated institutions, were analyzed.

Efficacy and Safety of Immuno-Oncology Plus Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors as Late-Line Combination Therapy for Patients with Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Immuno-oncology plus tyrosine kinase inhibitor (IO+TKI) combination therapy is an essential first-line therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, reports of its efficacy and safety as late-line therapy are lacking. This study aimed to examine the efficacy and safety of IO+TKI combination therapy as a late-line therapy for patients with RCC.

Three-dimensional computed tomography-based resection process map for robot-assisted partial nephrectomy: propensity score matching of a single-center retrospective study.

Background And Objectives: We aimed to examine the effect of preoperative three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT)-based resection process map (RPM) imaging on the outcomes of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 177 patients (RPM group, n = 92; non-RPM group, n = 85) who underwent this surgery between November 2012 and April 2022. Patient-specific contrast-enhanced CT images were used to construct an RPM, a 3D representation of the kidney showing the planned tumor resection and a 5 mm safety margin.

Urothelial carcinoma occurring in a defunctionalized bladder after urinary diversion due to the bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex.

Introduction: The bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex is a rare congenital disease. Urothelial carcinomas rarely occur in patients with this disease, and there have been few reports on its treatment.

Case Presentation: We report the case of a 44-year-old man with a hemorrhage from the external urethral meatus.

Successful treatment with enfortumab-vedotin of metastatic signet ring cell cancer expressing nectin-4 and originating from the bladder.

Introduction: As an aggressive adenocarcinoma phenotype, primary signet ring cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is an extremely rare variant. The prognosis of metastatic signet ring cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is extremely poor and the clinical course for its specific pathogenesis remains unelucidated.

Case Presentation: A 64-year-old Japanese male patient was diagnosed with invasive urothelial carcinoma with glandular differentiation of a signet ring cell-type with pT4aN0M0, and he was eventually diagnosed with metastatic signet ring cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.

Proton pump inhibitors and potassium competitive acid blockers decrease pembrolizumab efficacy in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma.

We elucidated the efficacy of gut microbiome-altering drugs on pembrolizumab efficacy in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC). Clinical data were analyzed retrospectively from 133 patients with mUC who received second-line pembrolizumab therapy between January 2018 and January 2021, following failed platinum-based chemotherapy. We evaluated the effects of gut microbiome-altering drugs (proton pump inhibitors [PPI]/potassium-competitive acid blockers [P-CAB], H2 blockers, antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs], metformin, antipsychotics, steroids, and opioids), taken by patients within 30 days before/after pembrolizumab treatment, on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Efficacy of Robot-Assisted Ureteroureterostomy in Patients with Complex Ureteral Stricture after Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy.

Background: Ureteral stricture (US) postureteroscopic lithotripsy (URSL) has emerged as a severe complication with the widespread use of laser technology. Furthermore, managing a complex US is challenging. Therefore, this study evaluated the efficacy of robot-assisted ureteroureterostomy (RAUU) in addressing US post-URSL and analyzed the pathology of transected ureteral tissues to identify the risk factors for US.