Publications by authors named "Takeshi Sano"
Purpose: Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis is an alternative to tissue biopsy for genotyping in various cancers. We aimed to establish a plasma ctDNA sequencing assay, then evaluate its clinical utility in advanced urothelial cancer (UC).
Materials And Methods: This study included 82 patients with muscle-invasive or metastatic UC.
Background: The standard adjuvant chemotherapy regimen for stage III gastric cancer is docetaxel plus S-1 (DS) based on the results of the START-II trials. However, in clinical practice some patients could not continue this intensive doublet chemotherapy because of limited tolerability. This study aimed to assess the practical feasibility of DS and elucidate the predictive factors for the completion of adjuvant DS therapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe retrospectively analyzed the regions and perioperative outcomes associated with lymph node dissection in patients with prostate cancer. Of 543 patients who underwent robot-assisted radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer with or without lymph node dissection according to the modified D'Amico criteria, 333 (61.3%), 128 (23.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: We performed a combined assessment of skeletal muscle mass using the skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and the psoas muscle index (PMI) to evaluate their association with the overall survival (OS) of gastric cancer patients after curative gastrectomy.
Methods: We analyzed, retrospectively, the computed tomography records of skeletal muscle mass of patients who underwent radical gastrectomy for pStage I-III gastric cancer between April, 2010 and April, 2016. We then compared OS as the primary outcome, stratifying patients according to their SMI or PMI, and investigated prognostic factors using multivariate analyses.
A 68-year-old male was referred to our hospital because plain computed tomography (CT) showed right hydronephrosis. Contrast-enhanced CT revealed a mass with an irregular margin and poor contrast effect in the lower pole of the right kidney, which invaded the perirenal fat tissues and the area around the inferior vena cava (IVC). Moreover, a thrombus extending from the right renal vein to the IVC was detected, some of which was suggestive of tumor components on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
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- Laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) is a less invasive surgical option for older patients with locally advanced gastric cancer, aiming to improve postoperative outcomes.
- A study compared the effects of LG and open gastrectomy (OG) on skeletal muscle maintenance and body weight in patients aged 75 and older, finding that LG patients had better preservation of these metrics post-surgery.
- The results suggest that LG is particularly beneficial for certain subgroups of older patients, maintaining muscle mass and weight more effectively than OG.
Article Synopsis
- * The research included 4,663 patients who had radical gastrectomy for stages I-III gastric cancer, categorizing their preoperative prealbumin and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels to establish PPS scores, with lower scores indicating poorer survival.
- * Results showed that a higher PPS correlated with worse overall survival, with scores of one and two being independent indicators of poor prognosis, suggesting that PPS can better identify at-risk patients compared to mGPS after surgery
Background: Patients aged >80-years-old with gastric cancer are commonly excluded from clinical trials, and no consensus exists regarding surgical indications and outcomes in older patients. In this study, we analyzed the post-gastrectomy long-term survival and etiologies of mortality in older patients with gastric cancer.
Methods: Patients aged >80-years-old with pathological stages I-III primary gastric cancer who undergone radical gastrectomies, between May 2006 and March 2017, were included in the study.
Background: It is essential to ensure optimal adherence to adjuvant chemotherapy regimens following gastric cancer surgery. However, treatment intensity for S-1 as adjuvant chemotherapy has not as yet been compared between minimally invasive (MI) and open (Open) surgery.
Methods: We retrospectively compared dose modification of adjuvant S-1 between MI and Open surgery in patients undergoing R0 gastrectomy for gastric or esophago-gastric junction cancer at the Cancer Institute Hospital Tokyo, Japan, during the period from 2012 to 2022, and receiving S-1 for pStage II or S-1 plus docetaxel for pStage III as adjuvant chemotherapy.
Article Synopsis
- The study focuses on the tumor immune microenvironment, particularly the roles of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and cytotoxic T cells (CD8+), as factors influencing prognosis in aggressive gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas (GEAs).
- It found that a high FOXP3+/CD8+ cell ratio at the invasive margin of tumors correlates with worse survival outcomes, especially in RUNX3-methylated diffuse variants compared to intestinal types.
- The research suggests that increased FOXP3+/CD8+ ratios may facilitate immune evasion in tumors, potentially linked to the signaling molecule CCL28 and its relationship with RUNX3 methylation status.
Article Synopsis
- This study looked at women with bladder cancer who had surgery to remove their bladder and other reproductive organs to see how many still had problems with their reproductive organs.
- Out of 417 women, some had their uterus and vaginal wall saved, but about 9% showed signs of cancer in their reproductive areas.
- The researchers concluded that doctors need to think carefully about whether to save these organs during surgery because there's a risk that cancer could still affect them.
Article Synopsis
- - This study aimed to create a prognostic model to estimate the risk of cancer-specific mortality in bladder cancer patients after radical cystectomy (RC), using data from 36 institutions in Japan.
- - Researchers analyzed patient data without adjuvant chemotherapy, splitting it into training and validation sets, and used a multivariable Cox regression model to predict outcomes based on 25 variables.
- - The final model, which included eight key variables, outperformed the existing CheckMate 274 classification, correctly reclassifying a significant portion of high-risk patients into a better prognosis group, enhancing potential treatment decisions.
Background: Proximal gastrectomy (PG) is recommended for upper-third gastric cancer and esophagogastric junction (EGJ) cancer, preserving organ function while reducing postoperative symptoms. The double-flap technique (DFT) is one approach to minimize reflux after PG. However, laparoscopic PG with DFT (LPG-DFT) has drawbacks of increased complexity, such as hand sutures for anastomosis.
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- Various anastomotic and reconstruction techniques were assessed in patients undergoing minimally invasive total (miTG) and distal gastrectomy (miDG) to understand their impact on postoperative complications.
- A study involving over 4,200 patients found that miTG had significantly higher rates of complications like anastomotic leakage and overall morbidity compared to miDG.
- The findings suggest that miDG is preferable for patients needing surgery, while linear stapled techniques should be favored in miTG to minimize risks.*
Background: Anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1)/anti-PD-ligand-1 (PD-L1) pathway inhibition is a standard regimen for advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC); however, its limited efficacy has been reflected in reported medium response rates. This study explored the role of next-generation coinhibitory receptors (IRs; lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3), T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3), and T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT)) and their ligands (LGs) in the response to PD-(L)1 blockade therapy and the oncological outcomes in patients with UC.
Methods: We investigated metastatic UC cases who underwent PD-(L)1 therapy (cohort 1: n=348, cohort 2: n=89, and cohort 4: n=29) or advanced UC cases involving surgery (cohort 3: n=293 and cohort 5: n=90).
Purpose: To compare the diagnostic performance of photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) enhanced with oral 5-aminolaevulinic acid between the suspected upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) and bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC) cases.
Methods: This retrospective study included 18 patients with suspected UTUC who underwent ureteroscopy (URS) with oral 5-ALA in the PDD-URS cohort between June 2018 and January 2019; and 110 patients with suspected BUC who underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) in the PDD-TURBT cohort between January 2019 and March 2023. Sixty-three and 708 biopsy samples were collected during diagnostic URS and TURBT, respectively.
Article Synopsis
- Laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) is a key treatment for gastric cancer but has a steep learning curve; recent changes in training methods have prompted an analysis of factors influencing this learning process over the past decade.
- The study analyzed 2,335 cases from trainees and experienced surgeons, finding that trainees had longer operation times but lower postoperative complications; the learning curve was around 30 cases.
- Trainees with prior laparoscopic experience (51-100 cases) had shorter learning curves compared to those with less experience (11-50 cases), suggesting that pre-training experience can enhance the efficiency of LG training.
Article Synopsis
- The study examines the effectiveness of salvage radiotherapy in patients with biochemical recurrence after prostatectomy, focusing on factors that influence patient outcomes.
- It evaluated 67 patients from 2005 to 2019, finding a 5-year biochemical recurrence-free survival (bRFS) rate of 47.1%, with key factors like PSA doubling time and surgical margins impacting survival rates.
- The research concludes that a PSA doubling time of less than 6 months and positive surgical margins predict worse outcomes for salvage radiotherapy, while no serious side effects were reported.
Objectives: To determine the effects of prophylactic urethrectomy (PU) on oncological and perioperative outcomes in patients with bladder cancer (BC) undergoing radical cystectomy (RC).
Methods: This retrospective study analyzed data on 1976 evaluable patients with BC who underwent RC. Patients were drawn from 36 institutions within the Japanese Urological Oncology Group.
Objectives: The JAVELIN Bladder 100 phase 3 trial showed that avelumab first-line maintenance + best supportive care significantly prolonged overall survival and progression-free survival versus best supportive care alone in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma who were progression-free following first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. We report findings from J-AVENUE (NCT05431777), a real-world study of avelumab first-line maintenance therapy in Japan.
Methods: Medical charts of patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma without disease progression following first-line platinum-based chemotherapy, who received avelumab maintenance between February and November 2021, were reviewed.
Background: Recent studies have revealed that sarcopenia is associated with postoperative complications and poor prognosis. Although neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a promising treatment for gastric cancer, its toxicity may lead to the loss of skeletal muscle mass. This study investigates the changes in skeletal muscle mass during neoadjuvant chemotherapy and its clinical impact on patients with locally advanced gastric cancer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Intracorporeal mechanical gastrogastrostomy (IMG) techniques have recently been developed and their short-term safety was presented in their initial evaluation. However, whether they are comparable to extracorporeal hand-sewing gastrogastrostomy (EHG) remains unclear. The aim of the study is to establish the safety of IMG in totally laparoscopic pylorus-preserving gastrectomy (TLPPG) compared to EHG in laparoscopy-assisted pylorus-preserving gastrectomy (LAPPG).
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